Unit 7 (Ch. 11 & 12) Flashcards
Forgetting
Deterioration of performance
Sign tracking is also called
autoshaping
Who said experiences are permanently stored in the brain?
Freud and Penfield (repressed memories, stimulate the right spot in the brain to bring about recall)
Paired associate learning
In paired associate learning, two stimuli, A and B, are presented, and the task is then to recall B when presented with A.
SAFMEDS
Say All Fast Minute Each Day Shuffle
2 mnemonic systems
Peg word
Method of loci
Imagination inflation is a form of
retroactive interference
Merely imagining an event sometimes convinces people the event took place, a phenomenon called imagination inflation.
Instinctive drift
The tendency to revert to a fixed action pattern is called instinctive drift.
Theory that organisms differ in their readiness to learn
Researchers have found that organisms differ in their readiness to learn certain tasks. Martin Seligman called this tendency the continuum of preparedness.
State-dependent performance
When performance varies with an organism’s physiological state, it is said to be state-dependent.
Skinner’s idea of what memories are
shifting the understanding from memories as experiences represented in some form within us, to experiences that change the organism’s tendency to behave in certain ways.
Free recall
Free recall means the organism is given the opportunity to perform a previously learned behaviour again following a retention interval. This is simplistic, and doesn’t account for partial memory (example, that French word started with “f” and had 3 syllables)
Cued recall / prompted recall
Prompted or cued recall is a variation of free recall that can help get at the more subtle remains of learning. Prompts/hints are provided. The degree of forgetting might be measured by the number of prompts needed.
Ebbinghaus
Ebbinghaus, again and again I learn this gibberish, but faster.
I should overlearn, and never forget
Ebbinghaus studied forgetting by conducting the first experiments on it. He used the “relearning method” to assess how much of the nonsense syllables he’d memorized he could remember after a retention interval: it took fewer trials to relearn the list than it did the first time.
McGeoch
McGeoch believed the relationship between the length of the retention interval and forgetting does NOT mean that the passage of time causes forgetting. Time itself isn’t an event that can affect something, rather it’s the things that happen during that time: reinforcement of other behaviours, sun bleaching, erosion, bacterial growth. Forgetting occurs in time, time does not cause forgetting.
