Unit 7: Animal Nutrition Flashcards
1
Q
Define balanced diet
A
a diet that provides sufficient energy for a person’s needs and all food nutrients in the correct proportion
2
Q
3 basic functions nutrients carry out
A
- providing energy
- allowing growth and repair
- regulating the body’s metabolism
3
Q
Describe the balanced diet based on age / sex / activity
A
- children below 12: require more calcium
- teenagers: high-calorie intake
- adults: a balanced meal with fewer calories
- pregnant women: more iron, calcium and folic acid
- males: generally require more energy
4
Q
Define malnutrition
A
a condition caused by eating an unbalanced diet
5
Q
Describe the different forms of malnutrition
A
- overnutrition: balanced diet but eating too much of everything => obesity
- undernutrition: having too little food => starvation
- eating foods in incorrect consumptions
6
Q
Describe the major causes of obesity
A
- high intake of fatty foods and refined foods containing a lot of added sugar
- too little exercise
- social and emotional stress, leading to ‘comfort eating’
7
Q
Describe the effects of obesity
A
health problems such as:
- heart disease
- high blood pressure
- diabetes, caused by high blood sugar and arthritis ( worn joints )
8
Q
Describe the effects of starvation
A
losing strength and finally dying because of lack of food
9
Q
The worst case of protein-energy malnutrition ( PEM ) could lead to
A
kwashiorkor and marasmus
10
Q
What are the symptoms of kwashiorkor?
A
- oedema ( swelling of the abdomen and legs )
- sparse, dry hair
- flaky skin
- fat accumulation in the liver
11
Q
What are the symptoms of marasmus?
A
- very low body mass
- thin arms and legs
- little muscle or fat
- wizened, old-looking face
12
Q
List the principal sources of, and describe the dietary importance of: - Carbohydrates - Fats - Proteins - Vitamins, limited to C and D - Mineral salts, limited to calcium and iron - Fibre (roughage)
A
- carbohydrates:
- fats:
- proteins:
- vitamins:
- mineral salts:
- fibre:
