unit 7 and 8 Flashcards
functions of the skeletal system
protection, support, storage, manufacturing, movement
shapes of bones
long bones, short bones, sesamoid bones, irregular bones, flat bones
osteocytes
mature bone cells
osteoclasts
bone killers
osteoblasts
bone formers
epiphysis
end of bone
cancellous (spongy bone)
protecting bones from compression and lattice of trabeculae
compact bone
Osteons arranged in concentric circles called lamellae
epiphyseal plate
between layers of cartilage (growth plate)
periosteum
tough layer of connective tissues that is attached to ligaments
diaphysis
long shaft of bone
yellow marrow
stores fat
medullary cavity
filled with red and yellow bone marrow
nutrient artery
brings blood to bones
articular cartilage
covers epiphysis, provides smooth movement and cushion from shock
35% organic
collagen fibers, flexibility and tensile strength, protects bones from breaking
65% inorganic
minerals, crystalline structure, gives bones strength and hardness
fibrous joint
immovable or slightly movabl, held together by fibrous connective tissue
synovial joint
highly movable, contain synovial fluid for frictionless movement
cartilaginous joint
immovable or slightly movable, held together by cartilage
pivot joint
ex: between vertebrae
saddle joint
between carpals and metacarpals
ball and socket joint
hip
hinge joint
elbow
gliding or plane joint
between tarsal bones
condylar joint
between radius and carpal bones
axial skeleton
central axis of the body, skull, ribs, sternum, and vertebrae (80 bones)
appendicular skeleton
pectoral and pelvic girdles, bones of the arm, pelvis, and shoulders (126 bones)
