Unit 7-9 Flashcards
Implied powers
Powers not specifically written in the Constitution.
Must a person be a citizen to be President?
Yes
How hold does a person need to be to run for president?
35
of terms a president can serve
2
Powers of the President
Serve as commander in chief of the armed forces
Commission officers of the armed forces
Grant reprieves and pardons for federal offenses
Convene Congress in special sessions
Receive ambassadors
Appoint officials to lesser offices
State of the Union Address
The president’s annual statement to Congress and the nation.
List of Cabinet Departments
state, treasury, defense, justice, interior, agriculture, commerce, labor, health and human services, housing and urban development, transportation, energy, education, veterans affairs, homeland security
civil law
A law that governs relationships between individuals and defines their legal rights
Criminal Law
A law that defines crimes against the public order.
Gerrymandering
Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power.
democracy
A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them
jurisdiction
The authority of a court to hear a case
foreign policy
A nation’s overall plan for dealing with other nations
original jurisdiction
the authority to hear cases for the first time
appellate jurisdiction
The authority of a court to review decisions made by lower courts
ambassadors
Highest-ranking officials representing a government in a foreign country.
concurring opinion
a statement written by a justice who votes with the majority, but for different reasons
Pardon
legal forgiveness of a crime
Presidential Succession
the order in which the office of president is to be filled if it becomes vacant
appeal
apply to a higher court for a reversal of the decision of a lower court.
judicial review
Allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws
Speaker of the House
the leader of the majority party who serves as the presiding officer of the House of Representatives
Statutory Law
Law passed by the U.S. Congress or state legislatures
Supreme Court
the highest federal court in the United States
precedent
How similar cases have been decided in the past.
opinion
a detailed explanation of the legal thinking behind a court’s decision in a case
Joint Chiefs of Staff
high-ranking military officers who represent the Navy, Army, Air Force and Marines. They assist the civilian leaders of the Department of Defense-advise the president on security matters.
Common Law
a system of law based on precedent and customs
justices
Judges of the Supreme Court
President Pro Tempore
a high-ranking Senator of the majority party who presides over the US Senate in the absence of the vice president.
secretary
Title of most cabinet members
whip
a senator or representative who helps the party leader stay informed about what party members are thinking
dissenting opinion
A statement written by a justice who disagrees with the majority opinion, presenting his or her opinion
regulatory commissions
agencies of the executive branch of government that control or direct some aspect of the economy
remand
to send a case back to a lower court to be tried again
The function of the Judicial branch is to ______
Interpret laws
In the US, those accused of crimes are considered ________ until proven _________.
innocent; guilty
The Supreme Court is mainly a(n) _________ court.
appellate
of SCOTUS Justices
9
How long do SCOTUS Justices serve?
life
administrative laws
laws established by the bureaucracy, on behalf of Congress
Approx. # of cases the SCOTUS hears per year
120
most recent addition to the SCOTUS
Amy Coney Barrett
Which court case established judicial review?
Marbury v. Madison
Approving presidential appointees is a __________ check on the Executive Branch.
Legislative
Declaring a law or action unconstitutional is a ________ check on the other 2 branches.
Judicial
Brown v. Board of Education
Separate but equal is unconstitutional
NYT v. US
ruled 1st amendment (freedom of the press) protected the New York Times to publish Pentagon Papers
Miranda v. Arizona
The accused must be notified of their rights before being questioned by the police
Tinker v. Des Moines
The case that ruled that students do not lose Constitutional rights when they entered the building but they can be limited if they cause a disruption
Roe v. Wade
legalized abortion on the basis of a woman’s right to privacy
Chief Justice of the SCOTUS
John Roberts
of Representatives in the House
435
of Senators
100
Delegated powers of Congress
Financing government, regulate trade, defend the country, create lower courts, provide for growth
