Unit 7/8 test Flashcards
how to take someone’s blood pressure?
You need a blood pressure cuff and a stethoscope. The you try to find the pulse of the patient on the brachial artery. Then you have to wrap the cuff around the arm and it has to be a little bit tight. Then put the stethoscope where you found the pulse. Then you have to start pumping the air into the cuff until it reaches about 200, and then let the air out. And you have to listen for the first thump(systolic). And the listen for the last one (diastolic).
normal blood pressure
120/80 MMGH
What is homeostasis?
a state of equilibrium within the body to change on the internal or external environment.
how much heat is lost through the skin?
80%
What portion of the brain controls the temperature of the body?
Hypothalamus
Blood vessels
Dilate to increase heat loss
Sweat glands
impulse to stimulate perspiration
types of temperatures
oral temperature, rectal temperature, tympanic temperature, axillary temperature, temporal temperature
oral temperature
places under the tongue and patient should close their lips
rectal temperature
Most accurate method. Used on childer under 5 yo
tympanic temperature
Point probe under the ear canal. Usually 0.5F higher than oral temperature.
axillary temperature
taken in the armpit. Least accurate method. Usually 0.5-1 F lower than oral temperature.
axillary temperature
taken in the armpit. Least accurate method. Usually 0.5-1 F lower than oral temperature.
Temporal temperature
Taken in the forehead. Usually 0.5-1F lower than oral temperature.
normal temperature
F= 98.6 C= 37
normal temperature
F= 98.6 C= 37
normal range (pulse)
adult= 60-100 BPM
child over 7y/o= 72-90 BPM
child under 7y/o= 80-120 BPM
infants= 90-140 BPM
normal range (pulse)
adult= 60-100 BPM
child over 7y/o= 72-90 BPM
child under 7y/o= 80-120 BPM
infants= 90-140 BPM
How many liters of blood does the average man pump a minute
5 liters
pulse locations
Radial, Carotid, Brachial, Femoral, Dorsalis Pedis, Posterior Tibial
pulse locations
Radial, Carotid, Brachial, Femoral, Dorsalis Pedis, Posterior Tibial
Regular pulse
evenly timed beats
Regular pulse
evenly timed beats
Irregular pulse
unevenly timed beats
weak or thready
barely feel
bounding or strong
feel easier than normal
tachycardia
above 100 BPM
bradycardia
below 60 BPM
respiration
gas exchanging process
expiration
elimination of carbon dioxide
inspiration
inhale of air
respiration rates
15 y/o or older= 15-20 BPM 5-15 y/o= 20-25 BPM 2-5 y/o= 20-30 BMP 4 weeks-1 y/o= 20-40 BPM newborn= 30-50 BPM
Tachypnea
faster than 20 beats per minute
hyperpnea
faster than 20 beats per minute and deep breathing
bradypnea
slower than 20 breaths per minute
dyspnea
difficult breathing
apnea
breathing stops and starts
Cheyne-stokes respirations
varying periods of deep breath and apnea
rales
noise because something is blocking your air passage
wheezing
high pitch noise when we inhale
normal blood pressure
less than 120 less than 80
elevated blood pressure
120-129 Less than 80
high blood pressure (hypertension) stage 1
130-139 or. 80-89
high blood pressure (hypertension) stage 2
140 or higher. 90 or higher
hypertensive crisis
higher than 180 higher than 120
pain level
from 0-10
3 factors that must be noted about each and every pulse
- volume of blood being pumped
- what is the rate
- what is the rhythm
3 factors that could cause an increase in a pulse rate
- being scared
- exercise
- caffeine
4 words to describe the character or volume of respirations
deep, shallow, difficult, moist
2 words to describe the rhythm of respirations
regular, irregular
why is it important that the patient is not aware that you are counting respirations?
because if you tell them, they’re going to be aware and the count will probably not be accurate.
if you are taking a TPR how can you count respirations without letting the patient know that you are doing it?
Pretend you are taking their pulse
signs of a heart attack
- chest pain
- trouble breathing
- pain in jaw
- pain in one of your arms
is it okay to perform abdominal thrusts on an infant?
No, you have to do 5 back slaps and 5 chest compressions with 2 fingers
what 3 steps should one take when an adult is chocking
- abdominal thrust from behind
- If they’re large or pregnant do it on the chest
- If it’s not coming out lay them on the floor and look for the object.
- if it doesn’t work do CPR
what medication can you administer during a heart attack to help with recovery?
Aspirin, it stops the clot
What is FAST?
F- ace drops
A- rms numb
S- you can’t speak
T- ime to call 911
how many minutes should you leave ice in place for an injured body part?
20 minutes
how long should a splint be?
longer than the injured body part
is it okay to put ice on a burn? if not, what should we do?
No, running water or cool compress
before entering the scene to help someone with an electrical injury, what must you do first?
- make sure the scene is safe
- don’t move wires, turn off the power
- don’t touch person until power is off
what 3 actions should be taken for a marine bite or wound?
- make sure the scene is safe
- keep the person quiet and still
- put on something hot, like hot water
- use tweezers to remove tentacle
when performing hand-only PCR, how many times should you push in the center of the chest during a one minute period?
100-120
when do you stop pushing on the victim’s chest during hands-only CPR?
until medical professionals take over
how deep should you push on the chest of an adult when doing hand-only CPR?
at least 2 inches
what does an automated external defibrillator (AED) do?
shocks the heart and restarts the heart to a normal rhythm
what are the correct steps for providing hand-only CPR?
Dial 911, push hard and fast in the center of the chest
3 thing needed to start a fire
oxygen or air, fuel, heat
major causes of fire
- Carelessness with smoking and with matches
- Misuse of electricity
- Defects in heating systems
- Spontaneous ignition
- Improper rubbish disposal
- Arson
what does RACE stand for
Rescue patient
Activate the alarm
Contain the fire
Extinguish the fire
what to do in a fire
-Remain calm and do not panic
-Close doors and windows to
contain and slow spread
-Use fire fighting equipment
Class A fire extinguisher
Common combustibles -
ash is the by-product
Class B fire extinguisher
Flammable liquids. This
extinguisher contains carbon
dioxide
Class C fire extinguisher
Electrical. Contains
potassium bicarbonate or
chloride, which can be irritating
to the skin or eyes.
Class D fire extinguisher
Combustible metals i.e.
magnesium, berillium
ABC fire extinguisher
can be used in all types of fire
what does PASS stand for
- Pull pin
- Aim handle
- Squeeze handle
- Sweep back and forth at the base of the fire
what are body mechanics?
using all of body parts efficiently to safely lift and move
Conditions which affect
moving, lifting, or
transferring clients
– Obesity
– Fragility
– Amputation
– Paralysis
