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Medical Skills Unit 7/8 test > Unit 7/8 test > Flashcards

Unit 7/8 test Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

how to take someone’s blood pressure?

A

You need a blood pressure cuff and a stethoscope. The you try to find the pulse of the patient on the brachial artery. Then you have to wrap the cuff around the arm and it has to be a little bit tight. Then put the stethoscope where you found the pulse. Then you have to start pumping the air into the cuff until it reaches about 200, and then let the air out. And you have to listen for the first thump(systolic). And the listen for the last one (diastolic).

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2
Q

normal blood pressure

A

120/80 MMGH

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3
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

a state of equilibrium within the body to change on the internal or external environment.

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4
Q

how much heat is lost through the skin?

A

80%

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5
Q

What portion of the brain controls the temperature of the body?

A

Hypothalamus

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6
Q

Blood vessels

A

Dilate to increase heat loss

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7
Q

Sweat glands

A

impulse to stimulate perspiration

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8
Q

types of temperatures

A

oral temperature, rectal temperature, tympanic temperature, axillary temperature, temporal temperature

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9
Q

oral temperature

A

places under the tongue and patient should close their lips

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10
Q

rectal temperature

A

Most accurate method. Used on childer under 5 yo

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11
Q

tympanic temperature

A

Point probe under the ear canal. Usually 0.5F higher than oral temperature.

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12
Q

axillary temperature

A

taken in the armpit. Least accurate method. Usually 0.5-1 F lower than oral temperature.

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13
Q

axillary temperature

A

taken in the armpit. Least accurate method. Usually 0.5-1 F lower than oral temperature.

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14
Q

Temporal temperature

A

Taken in the forehead. Usually 0.5-1F lower than oral temperature.

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15
Q

normal temperature

A 
F= 98.6
C= 37
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16
Q

normal temperature

A 
F= 98.6
C= 37
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17
Q

normal range (pulse)

A

adult= 60-100 BPM
child over 7y/o= 72-90 BPM
child under 7y/o= 80-120 BPM
infants= 90-140 BPM

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18
Q

normal range (pulse)

A

adult= 60-100 BPM
child over 7y/o= 72-90 BPM
child under 7y/o= 80-120 BPM
infants= 90-140 BPM

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19
Q

How many liters of blood does the average man pump a minute

A

5 liters

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20
Q

pulse locations

A

Radial, Carotid, Brachial, Femoral, Dorsalis Pedis, Posterior Tibial

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21
Q

pulse locations

A

Radial, Carotid, Brachial, Femoral, Dorsalis Pedis, Posterior Tibial

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22
Q

Regular pulse

A

evenly timed beats

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23
Q

Regular pulse

A

evenly timed beats

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24
Q

Irregular pulse

A

unevenly timed beats

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25
Q

weak or thready

A

barely feel

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26
Q

bounding or strong

A

feel easier than normal

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27
Q

tachycardia

A

above 100 BPM

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28
Q

bradycardia

A

below 60 BPM

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29
Q

respiration

A

gas exchanging process

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30
Q

expiration

A

elimination of carbon dioxide

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31
Q

inspiration

A

inhale of air

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32
Q

respiration rates

A 
15 y/o or older= 15-20 BPM
5-15 y/o= 20-25 BPM
2-5 y/o= 20-30 BMP
4 weeks-1 y/o= 20-40 BPM
newborn= 30-50 BPM
33
Q

Tachypnea

A

faster than 20 beats per minute

34
Q

hyperpnea

A

faster than 20 beats per minute and deep breathing

35
Q

bradypnea

A

slower than 20 breaths per minute

36
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult breathing

37
Q

apnea

A

breathing stops and starts

38
Q

Cheyne-stokes respirations

A

varying periods of deep breath and apnea

39
Q

rales

A

noise because something is blocking your air passage

40
Q

wheezing

A

high pitch noise when we inhale

41
Q

normal blood pressure

A

less than 120 less than 80

42
Q

elevated blood pressure

A

120-129 Less than 80

43
Q

high blood pressure (hypertension) stage 1

A

130-139 or. 80-89

44
Q

high blood pressure (hypertension) stage 2

A

140 or higher. 90 or higher

45
Q

hypertensive crisis

A

higher than 180 higher than 120

46
Q

pain level

A

from 0-10

47
Q

3 factors that must be noted about each and every pulse

A
  • volume of blood being pumped
  • what is the rate
  • what is the rhythm
48
Q

3 factors that could cause an increase in a pulse rate

A
  • being scared
  • exercise
  • caffeine
49
Q

4 words to describe the character or volume of respirations

A

deep, shallow, difficult, moist

50
Q

2 words to describe the rhythm of respirations

A

regular, irregular

51
Q

why is it important that the patient is not aware that you are counting respirations?

A

because if you tell them, they’re going to be aware and the count will probably not be accurate.

52
Q

if you are taking a TPR how can you count respirations without letting the patient know that you are doing it?

A

Pretend you are taking their pulse

53
Q

signs of a heart attack

A
  • chest pain
  • trouble breathing
  • pain in jaw
  • pain in one of your arms
54
Q

is it okay to perform abdominal thrusts on an infant?

A

No, you have to do 5 back slaps and 5 chest compressions with 2 fingers

55
Q

what 3 steps should one take when an adult is chocking

A
  • abdominal thrust from behind
  • If they’re large or pregnant do it on the chest
  • If it’s not coming out lay them on the floor and look for the object.
  • if it doesn’t work do CPR
56
Q

what medication can you administer during a heart attack to help with recovery?

A

Aspirin, it stops the clot

57
Q

What is FAST?

A

F- ace drops
A- rms numb
S- you can’t speak
T- ime to call 911

58
Q

how many minutes should you leave ice in place for an injured body part?

A

20 minutes

59
Q

how long should a splint be?

A

longer than the injured body part

60
Q

is it okay to put ice on a burn? if not, what should we do?

A

No, running water or cool compress

61
Q

before entering the scene to help someone with an electrical injury, what must you do first?

A
  • make sure the scene is safe
  • don’t move wires, turn off the power
  • don’t touch person until power is off
62
Q

what 3 actions should be taken for a marine bite or wound?

A
  • make sure the scene is safe
  • keep the person quiet and still
  • put on something hot, like hot water
  • use tweezers to remove tentacle
63
Q

when performing hand-only PCR, how many times should you push in the center of the chest during a one minute period?

A

100-120

64
Q

when do you stop pushing on the victim’s chest during hands-only CPR?

A

until medical professionals take over

65
Q

how deep should you push on the chest of an adult when doing hand-only CPR?

A

at least 2 inches

66
Q

what does an automated external defibrillator (AED) do?

A

shocks the heart and restarts the heart to a normal rhythm

67
Q

what are the correct steps for providing hand-only CPR?

A

Dial 911, push hard and fast in the center of the chest

68
Q

3 thing needed to start a fire

A

oxygen or air, fuel, heat

69
Q

major causes of fire

A
  1. Carelessness with smoking and with matches
  2. Misuse of electricity
  3. Defects in heating systems
  4. Spontaneous ignition
  5. Improper rubbish disposal
  6. Arson
70
Q

what does RACE stand for

A

Rescue patient
Activate the alarm
Contain the fire
Extinguish the fire

71
Q

what to do in a fire

A

-Remain calm and do not panic
-Close doors and windows to
contain and slow spread
-Use fire fighting equipment

72
Q

Class A fire extinguisher

A

Common combustibles -

ash is the by-product

73
Q

Class B fire extinguisher

A

Flammable liquids. This
extinguisher contains carbon
dioxide

74
Q

Class C fire extinguisher

A

Electrical. Contains
potassium bicarbonate or
chloride, which can be irritating
to the skin or eyes.

75
Q

Class D fire extinguisher

A

Combustible metals i.e.

magnesium, berillium

76
Q

ABC fire extinguisher

A

can be used in all types of fire

77
Q

what does PASS stand for

A
  • Pull pin
  • Aim handle
  • Squeeze handle
  • Sweep back and forth at the base of the fire
78
Q

what are body mechanics?

A

using all of body parts efficiently to safely lift and move

79
Q

Conditions which affect
moving, lifting, or
transferring clients

A

– Obesity
– Fragility
– Amputation
– Paralysis

Medical Skills Unit 7/8 test (1 decks)

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