Unit 7

Question 1

dsypnea

Answer 1

shortness of breath

Question 2

coughing

Answer 2

protective reflex to cleanse airway

Question 3

abnormal sputum

Answer 3

mucus mixed respiratory fluids

Question 4

hemoptysis:

Answer 4

coughing blood or bloody secretions

Question 5

parts of brain that controls respiratory

Answer 5

medulla oblongata and pons

Question 6

hyperpnea (kussmaul)

Answer 6

decrease in blood pH

leads to hyperventilation

Question 7

cheyne stokes

Answer 7

fluctuating breathing

Question 8

hypoventilation

Answer 8

alveolar gas exchange insufficient for metabolic demands

increase in pCO2 and respiratory acidosis

Question 9

hyperventilation

Answer 9

alveolar gas exchange greater than metabolic demands

decrease in pCO2 and respiratory alkalosis

Question 10

cyanosis

Answer 10

bluish coloration of membrane due to increase deoxygenated hemoglobin

Question 11

clubbing

Answer 11

increase in connective tissue and vasculature in fingers/toes b/c of chronic anoxia

Question 12

pleuritic pain

Answer 12

sharp, stabbing pain associated with breathing

Question 13

Ventilation/Perfusion coupling

Answer 13

matching pulmonary blood flow to O2

Question 14

Pulmonary ventilation

Answer 14

amount of air (L) entering lungs per min

Question 15

Perfusion

Answer 15

amount of blood that flows thru lung capillaries each min

Question 16

V/Q ratio

Answer 16

1= what the ratio should be
0= that theres no air
infinite= if there is air but no blood flow

Question 17

Hypercapnia

Answer 17

blood CO2 is too high

Question 18

Hypoxemia

Answer 18

blood O2 is too low

Question 19

Pneumothorax

Answer 19

collapsed lung

Question 20

Atelectasis

Answer 20

any abnormal structure in alveoli

Question 21

Pleural effusion

Answer 21

Any abnormal or excess fluid in the alveoli

Question 22

Transudative effusion

Answer 22

increase in hydrostatic pressure or decrease in oncotic pressure in capillaries
(pulmonary edema)

Question 23

Exudative effusion

Answer 23

increase in capillary permeability that allows blood cells and/or plasma proteins to leak into alveoli
pus (empy), blood (hemo) and chyle (chylo)

Question 24

Bronchiectasis

Answer 24

remodeling of the bronchi due to chronic inflammation

Question 25

Bronchiolitis

Answer 25

chronic inflammation of the bronchioles

Question 26

List the three ways to get pulmonary edema

Answer 26

- Heart disease - Injury to capillary endothelium - Blockage of lymphatic vessels

Question 27

Pulmonary edema from heart disease

Answer 27

Some kind of heart disease---> increase pressure in L atrium---> increase pulmonary cap pressure---> edema

Question 28

Pulmonary edema from cap endothelium

Answer 28

injury to cap endothelium---> increase cap permeability and decrease surfac---> fluids and proteins leak into inter space and alveoli--> edema

Question 29

Pulmonary edema from blockage of lymphatic vessels

Answer 29

Blockage of lymphatic vessels--> fluid not removed from intra space--> fluid accumulates---> edema

Question 30

ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome)

Answer 30

Most severe manifestation of acute lung injury in adults Damages the alveolar-capillary membrane Causes pulmonary edema and reduced elasticity of lungs