Unit 7

Question 1

Cover various functions of stimuli;
used to categorize stimuli that have
multiple functions.

Answer 1

Omnibus Terms

Question 2

Its presentation evokes behavior that
terminates it.
Its onset weakens behavior that
precedes its onset.
Its offset strengthens behavior that
precedes its offset.
It may elicit smooth muscle and gland
responses.

Answer 2

Aversive Stimulus

Question 3

onset strengthens behavior that
precedes its onset.
Its offset weakens behavior that
precedes its offset.
It abates behavior that removes it.
It may elicit smooth muscle and gland
responses.

Answer 3

Appetitive StimulusIts

Question 4

A sequence of responses in which
each response produces a
stimulus change that functions as
conditioned reinforcement for that
response and as a discriminative
stimulus for the next response in
the chain.

Answer 4

Behavior Chain

Question 5

A schedule of reinforcement in
which the response requirements
of two or more basic schedules
must be met in a specific
sequence before reinforcement is
delivered

Answer 5

Chained Schedule

Question 6

The spread of the effects of
reinforcement to responses
outside the limits of an operant
class.

Answer 6

Induction

Question 7

The differential reinforcement of
successive approximations to a
target behavior.

Answer 7

Shaping

Question 8

The terminal target response is a
distinct topography – a different
response – than the response that
is currently occurring.

Answer 8

Shaping Across Topographies

Question 9

The terminal target response is
similar in form to the initial
response, but varies across some
dimension, such as rate or
duration.

Answer 9

Shaping Within Topographies

Question 10

Magnitude
Quantity
Duration

Answer 10

Parameters of Reinforcement

Question 11

A schedule of reinforcement is the
rule which describes or specifies
which responses will be followed
by reinforcement and which will
not.

Answer 11

Schedule of Reinforcement

Question 12

Each and every single response
that is emitted is reinforced; that
is, reinforcement occurs each and
every single time the behavior
occurs; used to establish or
strengthen behavior

Answer 12

Continuous Reinforcement

Question 13

Some responses are reinforced
and some are not; used to
maintain already established
behavior.

Answer 13

Intermittent reinforcement

Question 14

Reinforcement is delivered after a

certain number of responses.

Answer 14

Ratio

Question 15

Reinforcement is delivered for the
FIRST response after a certain
amount of time since the previous
reinforcement.

Answer 15

Interval

Question 16

The number of responses, or
amount of time, remains the
same.

Answer 16

Fixed

Question 17

The number of responses, or
amount of time, is random, but
centers around (i.e., averages out
to) a particular value.

Answer 17

Variable

Question 18

A restriction placed on an interval
schedule requiring that the
response occur within a specified
time limit following the interval to
be eligible for reinforcement.

Answer 18

Limited Hold

Question 19

All or none schedules, as they
produce a pause in responding
immediately after reinforcement
which is followed by a burst of
responding. Pauses tend to be
longer the thinner the schedule.

Answer 19

FR schedules

Question 20

Produce steady and high rates of

responding

Answer 20

VR schedules

Question 21

A behavioral effect associated
with abrupt increases in ratio
requirements when moving from
denser to thinner reinforcement
schedules.

Answer 21

Ratio Strain

Question 22

Scalloped; Produce a pause in
responding immediately after
reinforcement which is followed by
a gradual increase in the rate of
responding, with the highest rates
at the time closest to
reinforcement.

Answer 22

FI schedules

Question 23

Produce steady, low to moderate

rates of responding.

Answer 23

VI schedules

Question 24

A preferred stimulus is delivered
at a point in time without a
response requirement.

Answer 24

Time-based Schedules

Question 25

Reinforcement occurs if and only
if the rate of response is equal to
or greater than a specified value.

Answer 25

Differential Reinforcement of a High

Rate of Responding (DRH)

Question 26

The contingency for reinforcement
is governed by the time elapsed
between successive responses
(as opposed to responses per unit
of time).

Answer 26

DRH-IRT schedules

Question 27

Consists of two or more
schedules operating
simultaneously but independently
of each other, each for a different
response.

Answer 27

Concurrent Schedules

Question 28

Consists of two or more
alternating schedules, each
associated with a different
stimulus.

Answer 28

Multiple Schedule

Question 29

The same as a multiple schedule
except that there are no different
stimuli associated with each
component schedule.

Answer 29

Mixed Schedule

Question 30

A conditioned reinforcer is
produced by completion of the
response requirements for that
component schedule in the chain.

Answer 30

Chained Schedule

Question 31

No discriminative stimuli in the

links of the chain.

Answer 31

Tandem Schedules

Question 32

A change in one component of a
multiple schedule that increases
or decreases the rate of
responding on that component is
accompanied by a change in the
response rate in the opposite
direction on the other, unaltered
component of the schedule.

Answer 32

Behavioral Contrast

Question 33

The allocation of responses to
choices available on concurrent
schedules of reinforcement.

Answer 33

Matching Law