Unit 7 Flashcards
Core-periphery models are generally based on the idea that
sharp spatial contrasts in social and economic development exist between economic heartlands and outlying subordinate areas
Political geographers consider which of the following as the core area of the United States?
The New York-Washington, D.C., area
As a less developed country’s economy evolves, the size of the primary sector, the size of the secondary sector, and the size of the tertiary sectors fluctuate. Which of the following statements best describes the highest level of job-opportunity change as countries shift from the periphery to the semiperiphery level of development?
Secondary sector employment increases as the demand for manufactured products increases.
Which of the following statements is most consistent with the data shown in the table?
There are a large number of women in the Spanish legislature, but few women have been elected in Kuwait.
The global pattern of gender inequality index scores is similar to the expected pattern of countries by level of economic development, with the exception of a few countries such as
Brazil, Libya, and China
Which of the following is positively correlated with gross domestic product (GDP) per capita?
Carbon dioxide emission per capita
Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the data shown in the table?
Countries with the highest HDI rankings do not necessarily have the highest rates of women’s labor-market participation.
Which of the following variables has an inverse or negative relationship with the level of economic development of a country?
Birth rate
In Latin America, data for employment in many large urban areas are most likely to be incomplete because
many people work in the informal sector
Which of the following correctly classifies the countries in the table by their level of development?
More developed: France; industrializing: India; less developed: Tanzania
The literacy rate of any country correlates most closely with which of the following?
Per capita income
Which of the following statements explains one of the limitations associated with utilizing the measures of development shown in the table above?
All the statistics aggregate data to the country level. Frequently, there is a great deal of variation in development within countries that is hidden by aggregated data.
Using the data in the table, which of the following explains a limitation of using gross national income (GNI) per capita as the only measure of a country’s level of development?
A country can have a high level of economic and social development that is not reflected in annual production and trade data.
Which of the following best explains the degree to which the Human Development Index (HDI) accurately calculates a country’s level of economic development?
Although the HDI factors in gross national income per capita, it also calculates indicators for health care and education to estimate the social aspects of development.
Based on the data in the table, which of the following statements is accurate?
Increased levels of economic development often conceal gender inequities.
Outsourced industrial production in less-developed countries often relies on female labor because
wage rates for women are much lower than for men
Rostow’s modernization model is concerned with which of the following concepts?
Economic development
Which of the following statements explains a weakness in Rostow’s stages of economic growth model?
The model is based on successive stages that countries must pass through independently until they reach high mass consumption without taking into account that countries are interdependent.
Australia, Ireland, and Germany have the highest GII values in the table shown. What do these countries’ high GII values indicate when compared to their HDI values?
These countries have less gender equality despite high levels of education and health care.
Which of the following arguments help explain why seventy-five percent of those employed in Export Processing Zones, such as maquiladoras, are women?
l. Women have better educational qualifications than men.
ll. Women are paid less than men.
lll. Many employers consider women to be more dexterous than men.
lV. Many employers consider women more likely to organize unions than men
II and III only
Which of the following explains a limitation of the three-tiered structure of Wallerstein’s world systems theory?
The model locks most countries into the development model of core, semiperiphery, and periphery with little opportunity for peripheral economies to advance into the wealthy core.
