unit 7 Flashcards
graphic arts
printmaking; woodcut, engraving, etching, dry point, lithography; graphic design
graphic design
art of combining text and images to communicate messages visually - often used in advertising, branding, and digital media.
printmaking
the process of creating artworks by transferring ink from a prepared surface onto paper or other materials.
woodcut
a printmaking technique where an image is carved into a woodblock - with the raised areas holding ink and producing the print.
engraving
a printmaking technique where designs are incised into a hard surface, like metal, which is then inked and pressed onto paper.
etching
a printmaking process that uses acid to bite into a metal plate where the artist has drawn, creating lines that hold ink for printing.
dry point
a printmaking technique where the artist scratches the design directly onto a metal plate with a sharp tool, creating a burr that holds ink.
lithography
a printmaking method that involves drawing on a flat stone or metal plate with a greasy substance - then using chemical processes to create prints from the drawn areas.
photogravure
a printmaking process that combines photography and etching - where a photographic image is transferred onto a metal plate and then etched for printing.
polymer plates
used in modern printmaking - flexible plates coated with light-sensitive polymer material, allowing for detailed & durable prints.
typography
the art and technique of arranging type (fonts) to make written language legible, readable, and visually appealing.
commercial art
refers to art that is made for the purposes of commerce.
low art
art forms considered to be more accessible or popular, often associated with mass culture, such as cartoons, crafts, or graffiti.
high art
art forms regarded as culturally sophisticated and often associated with classical traditions - such as fine art painting, sculpture, printmaking, fine books, etc.
photography
traditional and digital images from a camera, scanner or Photoshop
digital photography
capturing images using digital cameras, where the image is recorded as digital data rather than on film.
videotape
digital moving images
video
a medium that records and plays back moving images and sound, often used in contemporary art to create narrative or experimental works.
cinema
moving images using traditional film
film
a medium that captures and projects moving images, typically used in cinema and fine art to create unique works.
sculpture
three-dimensional objects; carved, modeled or assembled; freestanding or in relief; high relief, low relief
reductive sculpture
sculpture created by removing material from a larger mass - such as carving stone or wood, to reveal the final form.
additive sculpture
sculpture created by adding material to build up a form - such as clay modeling or assembling various elements.
assembled sculpture
type of sculpture made by combining different materials or objects.
relief sculpture
a shallow, sculptural form whose image has shallow depth, frequently used in architecture
bas-relief
a shallow, sculptural form whose image has shallow depth, frequently used in architecture
edge qualities
the characteristics of the boundaries between objects, how the medium of an artwork describes the border of an object or area
hard edge
a style in painting or design characterized by clean, sharp boundaries between colors or shapes, with no blending or soft transitions.
blurred edge
a visual effect where the boundaries between colors, shapes, or objects are softened or indistinct - creating a sense of movement or atmosphere.
distinct edge
clear and sharp boundary between forms, colors, or areas in a composition - making each element stand out crisply.
volumetric
creating the illusion of three-dimensions with use of the modeling and chiaroscuro
chiaroscuro
as discussed in the light and shade lecture in week six, is an Italian term and is an enormously important concept for certain visual realities. Chiaroscuro is frequently used, and it relates to the use of light and dark to create the illusion of a volumetric object on a two-dimensional surface. Chiaroscuro in translation to English means light and dark.
perspective
a system for reproducing three-dimensional space on a flat surface there are several different techniques or systems; atmospheric perspective, one point and multiple point perspective, intuitive perspective, oblique perspective, reverse perspective
atmospheric perspective
technique in painting that creates the illusion of depth by using less detail in the background - mimicking the effect of the atmosphere on distant objects.
one-point perspective
drawing method where parallel lines converge at a single vanishing point on the horizon - creating the illusion of depth.
multiple point perspective
technique where several vanishing points are used on the same composition to depict objects from different angles - creating a dynamic sense of space.
intuitive perspective
technique where depth is suggested based on the artist’s instinct or observation rather than strict mathematical rules - often seen in early Renaissance art.
oblique perspective
technique where an object is positioned with one corner facing the viewer, and the lines (orthogonal) recede toward two vanishing points on either side of the corner. The object’s edges remain parallel to the picture plane and do not diminish vertically - creating a sense of depth with a unique, stylized perspective.
reverse perspective
technique where the perspective lines diverge instead of converging - making objects appear to expand as they recede - often used in Byzantine and medieval art.
gold leaf
gold metal that has been hammered to be extremely thin and capable of being attached to many surfaces such as paper, gessoed wood, and smooth metal
