Unit 7 Flashcards
The first law of thermodynamics
Shares that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed between forms, this means chemical reactions involve a transfer of heat
The second law of thermodynamics
The second law of thermodynamics states that processes that involve the transfer or conversion of heat energy are irreversible and always move toward more disorder.
States that the entropy of a system will increase (the disorder of energy in a process should increase)
System
All of the reactants and products
Surroudinings
All things that contain and interact with the system
System + surroundings=
Universe
Endothermic reaction
Heat flows into the system from the surroundings
Heat of reaction can be written in as one of the reactants
Change of heat is a positive value
Surroundings get colder
Exothermic reaction
Heat flows out of a system and into the surroundings
Heat of a reaction can be written in as one of the products
Change of heat is a negative value
Surroundings get hotter
Melting
A solid changes into a liquid
Endothermic reactions (gain of heat)
Melting point
The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid
Evaporation
A liquid changing into a gas
Endothermic reaction (gain of heat)
Boiling point
The temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas
Sublimation
A solid changing directly into a gas
Endothermic reaction (gained heat)
Freezing
A liquid changing into a solid
Exothermic reaction (Losing heat/getting colder)
Freezing point
The temperature at which a liquid turns solid
Condensation
A gas turns into a liquid
Exothermic reaction (losing heat/getting colder)
Condensation point
The temperature at which a gas turns into a liquid