Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Psych > Unit 7 > Flashcards

Unit 7 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Motivation

A

A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Incentive

A

A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Instinctive theory

A

Evolutionary psychology states that behavior is motivated by instinct, a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Drive-reduction theory

A

Explains our motivation to reduce arousal by meeting basic needs, such as hunger or thirst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Arousal theory

A

Too little or too much stimulation can motivate people to find an optimum state of arousal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hierarchy of needs

A

Incorporates the idea that we have various levels of needs, including lower level physiological and safety needs, and higher level social, self-esteem, actualization, and meaning needs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Abraham Maslow

A

Created hierarchy of needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Yerkes- Dodson law

A

increased levels of arousal will improve performance but only until the optimal levels is reached, then performance begins to suffer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Homeostasis

A

constant, balanced internal state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Emotion

A

response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

James-Lange theory

A

physiological change first then label emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cannon-Bard theory

A

Psychological happens at the same time as emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Two- factor theory

A

Context impacts how you label it. (1) physically aroused (2) cognitive label arousal. Something happens then look for context to label emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Spillover effect

A

Arousal spilling over from one event to the next

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Facial feedback Effect

A

states that facial movement can influence our emotional state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stress

A

The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

A

Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in 3 phases (alarm, resistance, exhaustion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Tend and befriend response

A

Under stress people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Type A personality

A

personality type that describes people who are competitive, driven hostile and ambitious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Type B personality

A

Personality characterized by relatively relaxed, patient, easygoing, amicable behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Psychophysiological illness

A

literally “mind-body” illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Coronary Heart Disease

A

Type A personality more susceptible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Lymphocytes

A

A type of white blood cell that make antibodies to fight off infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Personality

A

An individual’s characteristic of thinking, feeling and acting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Freud’s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

founder of psychoanalysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Free Association

A

In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Unconscious

A

According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Id

A

Devil, impulse strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Ego

A

The reality check that balances the conflicting demands of the id and superego.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Superego

A

Angle represents internalized ideals

32
Q

Psychosexual stage: oral

A

pleasure to the mouth.

33
Q

Psychosexual stage: Anal

A

pleasure focuses on the bladder.

34
Q

Psychosexual stage: Pallic

A

(3-6 years) pleasure zone is the genitals;coping with incestuous sexual feelings

35
Q

Psychosexual stage: Latency

A

(6 to puberty) a phase of dormant sexual feelings

36
Q

Psychosexual stage: Genital

A

(puberty on) maturation of sexual interests

37
Q

Oedipus Complex

A

According to Freud, a boy’s sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father.

38
Q

Identification

A

The process by which children incorporate their parents values into their developing superego

39
Q

Fixation

A

according to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved

40
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

In psychoanalytic theory, the ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings and memories.

41
Q

Defense Mechanism: repression

A

in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories.

42
Q

Defense Mechanism: denial

A

refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities

43
Q

Defense Mechanism: regression

A

acting like your younger self who is still hung up on some part of Freuds pyschosexual stages

44
Q

Defense Mechanism: displacement

A

Shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person

45
Q

Defense Mechanism: sublimation

A

transferring of unacceptable impulses into socially valued motives

46
Q

Defense Mechanism: reaction formation

A

switching unacceptable impulses to their opposites

47
Q

Defense Mechanism: projection

A

disguising one’s own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

48
Q

Defense Mechanism: rationalization

A

offering self justifying explanations in place of the real more threatening unconscious reasons for one’s actions

49
Q

Psychodynamic Thinkers

A

modern-day approaches that view personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences

50
Q

Collective Unconscious (Carl Jung)

A

concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species history

51
Q

Inferiority Complex (Alfed Adler)

A

we overcome the conscious feelings of inferiority we had in childhood

52
Q

Projective Test

A

A personality test that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one’s inner dynamics

53
Q

Thematic Apperception Test

A

A projective test in which people express through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

54
Q

Rorschach Inkblot Test

A

The most widely used projective test, a set of two inkblots, designed by Herman Roach. Seeks to identity peoples inner feeling by analyzing their interpretations of the blots

55
Q

False Consensus Effect

A

The tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs

56
Q

Humanistic Theories

A

Theories that view personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth.

57
Q

Abraham Maslow

A

created hierarchy of needs

58
Q

Self-Actualization

A

One of the ultimate psychological needs that arise after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one’s potential.

59
Q

Carl Rogers

A

growth promoting climate, genuineness, acceptance and empathy. unconditional positive regard

60
Q

Unconditional Positive Regard

A

An attitude of total acceptance toward another person

61
Q

Self-Concept

A

All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question “Who am I?”

62
Q

Trait

A

A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as asserted by self report inventories and peer reports

63
Q

Factor Analysis

A

Statistical procedure that identifies correlated clusters of behaviors that reflect a basic factor

64
Q

Personality Inventories

A

A questionnaire (often with true-false or agree-disagree items) on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits

65
Q

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

A

Most widely clinically used to identify emotional disorders. Help Identify traits that have to do with personality

66
Q

Myers-Briggs Inventory

A

Attempt to sort people according to Carl Jung personality types based in question responses

67
Q

Empirically Derived

A

A test developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups

68
Q

The Big Five

A

Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness, Extraversion

69
Q

Social-Cognitive Theory

A

views behavior as influenced by the interaction between peoples traits (including their thinking) and their social context

70
Q

Behavioral Approach

A

In personality theory, this perspective focuses on the effects of learning on our personality development

71
Q

Reciprocal Determinism

A

The interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment

72
Q

Spotlight Effect

A

overestimating others noticing and evaluating our appearance performance, and blunders. In reality, few people than we think notice us

73
Q

Self-Efficacy

A

One’s sense of competence and effectiveness

74
Q

Self-Serving Bias

A

people accept more responsibility for good things than for bad, successes than failures. Most people see themselves better than average

75
Q

Individualism

A

A social theory favoring freedom of action for individuals over collective or state control

76
Q

Collectivism

A

Giving priority to the goals of one’s group (often one’s extended family or work group and defining one’s identity accordingly

AP Psych (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions