Unit 6 - WWI Flashcards
What is militarism
“Arms race” between countries- a country should maintain a strong and aggressive military capability
What is imperialism
Extending a countries power through military
Conscientious objector armistice
Someone who requests out of the war because of religious beliefs
Reparations
Paying back damage from a war
4 MAIN causes of war in Europe & describe each one
M- militarism was an “arms race” between countries
A- alliances split into 2 groups: triple entente (France, GB, Russia) & triple alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy)
I- imperialism competing for colonization and colonies in africa and Asia
N- nationalism belief that your country is better than the rest
Archduke Franz Ferdinand- how was he important
- heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary
- shot by a member of the “Black Hand” terrorist group
- sparks the war
Serbian Gavrilo Princip
Member of the black hand who assassinated Franz Ferdinand
Allied Powers countries
France GB Russia Italy US
Central Powers
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Turkey
Bulgaria
How was WWI different than other wars
- New weapons: cannons, poisonous gas, machine guns
- Trench warfare
- Stalemate: no one is winning
- Western Front: ran from the English Channel to the Swiss border through Belgium and France
New Weapons- good and bad
Gas- Chlorine & mustard gas, winds could shift, get many people at a time
Artillery- 8 mile range, heavy and difficult to transport, destroyed cities
Tanks- intimidating but slow and ineffective broke down often
Flame throwers- sprayed ignited gasoline on the enemy, gunshot hit would explode if hit
Airplanes- spy on the enemy
Zeppelins- huge blimps, highly flammable, intimidating
Submarines- carry passengers, weapons, sank ships (U-boats)
Problems because of trench life
Water Trench foot Rats Lice Death Sounds Smells Disease
Lusitania
British Cruise ship carrying passengers and bringing over weapons that was sunk by a U-Boat
What effect did the Zimmerman note have & how did it anger Americans
The US declares war on Germany and makes the US mad because Mexico would get their land back from the US
What did the Zimmerman note say
Germany would make an alliance with Mexico to fight against the US if we entered the war and Mexico could then control our land
Woodrow Wilson
President of the US during WWI
General John J. Pershing - “Black Jack” Pershing
Commander of the American Expeditionary Force chosen by pres wilson & wanted to hold soldiers for an extra 6-8 weeks for extra training which angers commanders
Alvin York
Most decorated people in WWI (medal of honor)
Led an attack on the German Machine Gun Nest
Eddie Rickenbacker
From race car driver to pilot in the war
Harlem Hellfighters
African American led unit
How did women help in the war
Nurses
Filled jobs in factories (made and packaged uniforms, weapons vehicles)
Telephone operators
Hostesses
Government Propaganda
Posters Meatless Mondays Gasless Sundays Released 4 movies Encouraged men to enlist Speeches in public events
War Industries Board
Government agency that produced war supplies through mass production and discouraged waste
Selective service act
Young men could be randomly drafted into war
Espionage & Sedition Act
Made it illegal for anyone to discourage war efforts
Influenza epidemic
Fall of 1918
Killed more people than the war
1/5 of the world was affected (mostly Europe and US)
Schenck vs US
Schenk was handing out protests against war drafts and the Supreme Court took his case
Ruled his actions as a “clear and present danger” during the time of the war
Schenck’s protesting rights were not prerecord by the
1st Amendment
Wilson’s 14 points
A plan for peace after the war
Discussed issues before the war and how to prevent them
Why was the treaty of Versailles issued
GB wanted to make Germany pay for their wrongs
What did Germany have to do because of the Treaty of Versailles
Pay for war reparations
Reduce military
Loss of land
Admit guilt
What was the purpose of the League of Nations
Helped to resolve future international disputes before war begins
Why did the US not join the League of Nations
They did not want to risk any more Americans dying in another war and thought that allies could lead to another war
Though it was unconstitutional
Why did the US join the war
Submarine warfare by Germany (lusitania)
Feelings for allies GB & France- Russia Leaves the war
Zimmerman note
