Unit 6 Vocab 2 Flashcards
hemiacetal
the group formed when an alcohol and aldehyde functional group combine.
anomeric carbon
only carbon bonded directly to two oxygen atoms in a ring structure.
anomers
two ring differing in the position of the -OH on the anomeric carbon.
a anomer
when the -OH on the anomeric carbon is trans to C6.
b anomer
when the -OH on the anomeric carbon is cis to C6.
benedict’s test
identifies the presence of an aldose (reducing sugars) in a solution.
maltose
a(1->4) bone between two glucose units and is known as malt sugar; reducing sugar.
lactose
b(1->4) bond between glucose and galactose and is known as milk sugar; reducing sugar.
sucrose
a,b(1->2) bond between glucose and fructose; know as table sugar; not a reducing sugar.
storage polysaccharide
contain only a-glucose units
amylose
makes up 20% of starch; only a-glucose units in an a(1->4) continuous chain coiled.
amylopectin
makes up 80% of starch; only a-glucose (1->4) units branched every 25 a(1->6)
glycogen
is found in the lover and muscles of animals; only a-glucose units branched every 12.
structural polysaccharides
contain b-glucose units and chitin
cellulose
contains b(1->4) glucose units in a continuous chain (not coiled)
chitin
polysaccharide that makes up the exoskeleton of insects/crustaceans and the cell wall of most fungi.
o blood type
the universal donor
ab blood type
the universal acceptor
rh factor
depends on whether the red blood cells have rh antigens on their surface.
antigen
the unique molecule of a pathogen (microorganism) that is targeted by antibodies
antibody
a protein that binds to pathogens as an immune response.
glycosidic bond
formed when two hydroxyl groups join to make a disaccharide.
