Unit 6 vocab

Question 1

Boomburb

Answer 1

a suburb that has grown rapidly into a large and sprawling city with more than 100,000 residents

Question 2

Central place theory

Answer 2

a theory used to describe the spatial relationship between cities and their surrounding communities

Question 3

Edge city

Answer 3

a type of community located on the outskirts of a larger city with commercial centers with office space, retail complexes, and other amenities typical of an urban center

Question 4

Exurb

Answer 4

a typically fast-growing community outside of or on the edge of a metropolitan area where the residents and community are closely connected to the central city and suburbs

Question 5

Gravity Model

Answer 5

a model that predicts the interaction between two or more places; geographers derived the model from Newton’s law of universal gravitation

Question 6

Infill

Answer 6

redevelopment that identifies and develops vacant parcels of land within previously built areas

Question 7

Megacity

Answer 7

a city with a population of more than 10 million

Question 8

Metacity

Answer 8

a city with a population of more than 20 million

Question 9

Metropolitan Area

Answer 9

a city and the surrounding areas that are influenced economically and culturally by the city

Question 10

Primate City

Answer 10

the largest city in a country, which far exceeds the next city in population size and importance

Question 11

Range

Answer 11

in central place theory, the distance that someone is willing to travel for a good or service

Question 12

Rank-size Rule

Answer 12

explanation of size of cities within a country; states that the second-largest city will be one-half the size of the largest, the third largest will be one-third the size of the largest, and so on

Question 13

Threshold

Answer 13

In central place theory, the number of people needed to support a buisness

Question 14

Urban area

Answer 14

A city and its surrounding suburbs.

Question 15

Urban sprawl

Answer 15

areas of poorly planned low-density development surrounding a city.

Question 16

World city

Answer 16

city that wields political, cultural, and economic influence on a global scale.

Question 17

African city model

Answer 17

model of urban development depicting a city with three central business districts, growing outward in a series of concentric rings.

Question 18

Concentric-zone model

Answer 18

model of urban development depicting a city growing outward from a central business district in a series of concentric rings.

Question 19

Disamenity zone

Answer 19

A high-poverty urban area in a disadvantaged location containing steep slopes, flood-prone ground, rail lines, landfills, or industry.

Question 20

Galactic city model

Answer 20

model of urban development depicting a city where economic activity has moved from the central business district toward lose coalitions of other urban areas and suburbs.

Question 21

Latin American city model

Answer 21

a model of urban development depicting a city with a central business district, concentric rings, and sections stricken by poverty.

Question 22

Multiple-nuclei model

Answer 22

a model of urban development depicting a city where growth occurs around the progressive integration of multiple nodes, not around a central business district.

Question 23

Node

Answer 23

Focal point of functional region

Question 24

Sector model

Answer 24

a model of urban development depicting a city with wedge-shaped sectors and divisions emanating from the central business district, generally along transit routes.

Question 25

Southeast Asian city model

Answer 25

a model of urban development depicting a city oriented around a port, lacking a formal central business district, and growing outward in concentric rings and along multiple nodes.

Question 26

Squatter settlements

Answer 26

Informal housing areas beset with overcrowding and poverty that feature temporary homes often made of wood scraps or metal sheeting.

Question 27

Zoning

Answer 27

process of dividing a city or urban area into zones within which only certain land uses are permitted.

Question 28

Blockbusting

Answer 28

A practice by real estate agents who stir up concern that Black families would soon move into a neighborhood, convincing White property owners to sell their houses at below market prices.

Question 29

Brownfield

Answer 29

An abandoned and polluted industrial site in a central city or suburb.

Question 30

De facto segregation

Answer 30

Segregation that results from residential settlement patterns rather than from prejudicial laws.

Question 31

Ecological footprint

Answer 31

the impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain the use of natural resources.

Question 32

Eminent domain

Answer 32

the government’s right to take over privately owned property for public use or interest.

Question 33

Environmental injustice

Answer 33

Ways in which communities of color and poor people are more likely to be exposed to environmental burdens such as air pollution or contaminated water.

Question 34

New urbanism

Answer 34

a school of thought that promotes designing growth to limit the amount of urban sprawl and preserve nature and usable farmland.

Question 35

Redlining

Answer 35

a practice by which a financial institution, such as a bank, refuses to offer home loans on the basis of a neighborhood’s racial or ethnic makeup.

Question 36

Regional planning

Answer 36

planning conducted at a regional scale that seeks to coordinate the development of housing, transportation, urban infrastructure, and economic activities

Question 37

Slow-growth city

Answer 37

city where planners have used smart-growth policies to decrease the rate at which the city grows outward

Question 38

Smart growth policy

Answer 38

policy implemented to create sustainable communities in pacing development in convenient locations and designing it to be more efficient and environmentally responsible

Question 39

Traditional zoning

Answer 39

Zoning that creates separate zones based on land-use type or economic function, such as various categories of residential, commercial, or industrial.

Question 40

Transportation-oriented development

Answer 40

Creation of dense, walkable, pedestrian-oriented, mixed-use communities, centered around or located near a transit station.

Question 41

Urban growth boundary

Answer 41

Boundary that separates urban land uses from rural land uses by limiting how far a city can expand.

Question 42

Urban renewal

Answer 42

Nationwide movement that developed in the 1950s and 1960s when US cities were given massive federal grants to tear down and clear out crumbling neighborhoods and former industrial zones as a means of rebuilding their downtowns.

Question 43

Walkability

Answer 43

Measure of how safe, convenient, and efficient it is to walk in an urban environment.

Question 44

Zone of abandonment

Answer 44

Area that has been largely deserted due to lack of jobs, decline in land value, and falling demand.

Question 45

Filtering

Answer 45

the process of neighborhood change in which housing vacated by more affluent groups passes down the income scale to lower-income groups

Question 46

Greenbelt

Answer 46

a ring of parkland, agricultural land, or other type of open space maintained around an urban area to limit sprawl

Question 47

Inclusionary zoning law

Answer 47

A law that creates affordable housing by offering incentives for developers to set aside a minimum percentage of new housing construction for low-income renters/buyers.

Question 48

Land tenure

Answer 48

The legal rights as defined by a society, associated with owning land.

Question 49

Mixed-use development (MUD)

Answer 49

A single planned development designed to include multiple uses, such as residential, retail, educational, recreational, industrial, and office spaces.

Question 50

Mixed-use zoning

Answer 50

Zoning that permits multiple land uses in the same space or structure.