Unit 6 Vocab Flashcards
E Pluribus Unum
Latin: Out of Many, One
Jus soli
The right by which nationality or citizenship can be recognized to any individual born in the territory of the related state
Alien
A foreign born resident
Jus sanguinis
A right by which nationality or citizenship can be recognized to any individual born to a parent who is a national or citizen of that state
De jure segregation
Racial separation mandated by law
De facto segregation
Racial separation not mandated by law
International law
Rules, usually the result of treaties but also from custom, that regulate how countries are to behave toward one another.
- has no enforcement mechanism and no universal authoritative interpretation
Human rights
Basic rights and freedoms said to belong to all people everywhere
Enlightened self-interest
A philosophy in ethics that’s states that persons who act yogurt her the interest f others ultimately serve their own self-interest
Eminent domain
The inherent power of the state to seize a citizen’s private property or to expropriate property or rights in property without the owner’s consent .
- 5th Amend provides for “just compensation”
Globalization
The process of increasing interconnectedness and closer integration of the world’s markets and businesses as a result of advances in transportation, communications, and information technologies.
These advances promote the flow of goods and services, ideas, capital, and people across borders.
Immigration
The movement of people to one place from another
Isolationism
The foreign policy of a nation that wishes to be inward-looking rather than involved with other countries.
United Nations
An international organization created in 1945 to maintain peace through the collective security of its members
Voter registration
The requirement in some decorators for citizens to enroll in citing rolls before being allowed to participate in elections
Voluntary associations
Autonomous organizations founded and administrated by private citizens, not elected officials, devoted to any number of purposes.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
An advisory declaration adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on Dec. 10, 1948, consisting of 30 articles outlining the views of the General Assembly on those rights conceived as granted to all people.
Nongovernmental organization (NGO)
An autonomous organization independent of direct governmental control that exists to perform any of a large variety of purposes, including those dealing with humanitarian, educational, or public policy issues
Resident Alien
A noncitizen legally residing in a country other than his/hit birth country
Naturalization
The legal process by which a foreign citizen becomes a citizen of the US
-must recite an oath of allegiance
Letter of marque and reprisal
A grant of authority from Congress to private citizens, not the prez, to expressly authorize seizure and forfeiture of goods by citizens in the context of undeclared hostilities with another country/countries.
Without such authorization, citizens seizing such goods would be pirates in the eyes of international law.
Multinational corporation
An enterprise that operates in at least 2 countries
Treaty
An agreement under international law between states or international organizations
Denaturalization
In the US, a legal process by hich native-born citizens may voluntarily divest em selves of citizenship or by which naturalized citizens found to have made fraudulent claims in applying for citizenship may be deprived of citizenship
Dual national citizenship
The status of a person who is a legal citizen of two or more nations
Citizen
A person who is a legal member of a nation, country, or other organized, self-governing political community
-choosing to be a citizen means you are subject to their laws
Civil disobedience
The nonviolent refusal to obey laws that citizens regard as unjust or in protest of specific public policy
Civil rights
The rights belonging to an individual by virtue of citizenship.
In the US, it refers to the fundamental freedoms and privileges guaranteed by the 13th and 14th Amendments
-these include civil liberties, due process, equal protection under the laws, and freedom from discrimination
Collective security
A system formed to maintain peace among nations in which participant members agree thy a military attack on one is an attack in all and will result in a united response by all members
