Unit 6 - Simple Harmonic Motion (4-6%) Flashcards
restoring force
a force that attempts to bring an object back to its equilibrium position, depends on position of object related to equilibrim (ex. gravity, spring force)
force of gravity
- F = mg
- measured in Newtons
- m is gravitational mass measured in kilograms, g is gravitational field strength (-9.8 N/kg)
spring force
- F = (-k)x
- measured in Newtons
- k is spring constant measured in N/m
- x is compression or stretch in meters
simple harmonic motion
periodic motion about a equilibrium position that is caused by a restoring force, can be modeled as sinusoidal
displacement
- how far an object is from the equilibrium position (in meters)
- max displacement in simple harmonic motion is called the amplitude
velocity
- speed and direction
- in m/s
acceleration
- rate of change in velocity
- in m/s²
At equilibrium, explain values of velocity, acceleration, force, and displacement
(true for spring and pendulum)
- velocity is max value
- acceleration is min value
- displacement is 0
- force is min value
At amplitude, explain values of velocity, acceleration, force, and displacement
(true for spring and pendulum)
- velocity is 0
-acceleration is max value - displacement is max value
- force is max value
period
- symbol: T
- unit: seconds
- the amount of time for a complete oscillation (THERE and BACK)
frequency
- symbol: f
- unit: Hertz (Hz = cycles/sec)
- the number of THERE and BACK oscillations per second
relationship between period and freqeuncy
T = 1/f (inversely proportional)
if you decrease mass, the SHM
goes faster (PERIOD unchanged for pedulum though)
if you decrease amplitude, the SHM
DOESN’T change for spring or pendulum
mass does not effect (with a pendulum)
BUT
the acceleration OR period of a pendulum
mass DOES affect spring’s period
