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Unit 6, Science > Unit 6, Science > Flashcards

Unit 6, Science Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What organelle is responsible for making proteins?

A

ribosomes

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2
Q

What organelle burns food to produce energy?

A

Mitochondria

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3
Q

What is the difference between rough and smooth E.R.?

A

Rough E.R contains ribosomes

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4
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

to control what enters and leaves the cell

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5
Q

What happens at the very end of interphase to allow mitosis or meiosis to begin?

A

Chromosomes are duplicated

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6
Q

What happens in telophase?

A

2 identical nuclei form

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7
Q

How many cells are produced from one complete process of meiosis?

A

4

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8
Q

What type of cells are made during meiosis?

A

haploid sex cells

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9
Q

What type of reproduction involves making a clone of an organism?

A

asexual reproduction

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10
Q

What do cells use mitosis for?

A

Cell growth, damage repair, and replace dead cells

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11
Q

What is the correct order for the steps of mitosis?

A

PMAT ; Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

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12
Q

A plant has 50 chromosomes in its body cells. How many chromosomes will be in its sex cells?

A

25

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13
Q

What does haploid mean?

A

cell has half the number of chromosomes

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14
Q

What does diploid mean?

A

cell has the full number of chromosomes

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15
Q

After a sperm and egg cell unite, what type of cell has been made?

A

zygote

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16
Q

What type of asexual reproduction do bacteria use to reproduce?

A

fission

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17
Q

Which of the following is a benefit for a species to use asexual reproduction?

A

It allows a large population to develop quickly.

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18
Q

Which of the following is a negative aspect of asexual reproduction?

A

Clones can be killed in large numbers by the same event.

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19
Q

What is a benefit for a species that uses sexual reproduction?

A

It breeds variety into the species and it makes species resistant to extinction

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20
Q

What is a potential downside to sexual reproduction?

A

Requires 2 parents, some fertilization of egg cells are unsuccessful, and Populations develop more slowly than with asexual reproduction

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21
Q

What is Interphase

A
  • Longest part of the cell cycle, cell grows, replicates Dna, and prepares for mitosis
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22
Q

Prophase

A

chromosomes become visible

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23
Q

Metaphase

A

chromosomes line up in middle

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24
Q

anaphase

A

Chromosomes tear apart

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25
Q

Telophase

A

nucleus splits into 2 identical nuclei

26
Q

What is mitosis

A

Process used to produce sex cells

27
Q

How many cells are produced in meiosis

A

4 new cells

28
Q

How many chromosomes are in each cell at the end of meiosis?

A

23 chromosomes because you start with 46

29
Q

Are the new cells haploid or diploid in meiosis

A

Haploid

30
Q

What are the daughter cells used for?

A

Sexaul reproduction

31
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

Process that produces a new organism from one parent

32
Q

How many parents are used during asexual reproduction?

A

One

33
Q

What organism is used during Asexual Reproduction

A

Plants

34
Q

What process is needed during Asexual Reproduction

A

Mitosis

35
Q

How do the offsprings compare to the parent in asexual reproduction?

A

Identical

36
Q

What are the advantages of asexual reproduction

A

Its quick, only requires one parent

37
Q

What are the disadvantages of Asexual reproduction?

A

Genetically identical

38
Q

What is sexual reproduction

A

Process that requires two parents to reproduce something new

39
Q

How many parents does sexual reproduction need

A

2

40
Q

What organisms are used in sexual reproduction

A

Liger, zedonk, or a mule

41
Q

What process is needed during Sexaul reproduction

A

Meiosis

42
Q

How do the offsprings compare to the parents in sexual reproduction

A

Variety of species

43
Q

What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?

A

Genetically different

44
Q

What are disadvantage of sexual reproduction

A

Takes a long time

45
Q

rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

assembles and packages protein (contains ribosomes) ; maze w/ dots

46
Q

Ribosomes

A

where proteins are made according to DNA in nucleus (found on ER) ; assembles amino acids , small dots

47
Q

Cell membrane

A

selectively allows materials in and out of cell ; outer cell

48
Q

golgi apparatus

A

sorts and transplants materials out of cells (layered circles)
; receives from er

49
Q

centrioles

A

pulls chromosomes apart during mitosis ; small churros

50
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

no ribosomes

51
Q

nucleus

A

control center of cell that directs activity; egg white (contains DNA)

52
Q

nucleolus

A

makes ribsomes inside nucleus ; egg yolk

53
Q

mitochondria

A

breaks down food to produce energy ; potatoe

54
Q

Lysome

A

waste break down and removal ; medium dot

55
Q

vacuole

A

water storage ; lake (small in animal cell, big in plant cell)

56
Q

cell wall

A

gives extra support (plants only)

57
Q

cytoplasm

A

gel like fluid that flows in jell like fluid

58
Q

Chloroplast

A

contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis, (captures energy from sun)

59
Q

chromatin

A

tiny strands inside nucleus that contains in structure

60
Q

What is 90% of a cells life cycle?

A

Interphase

61
Q

What is 10% of a cells life cycle?

A

Mitosis

Unit 6, Science (1 decks)

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