Unit 6 - Review Cards Flashcards
List the 5 types of “spheres” that we’ve talked about in this unit.
cryosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere
The “sphere” that contains all gases on the earth is called the_____________
atmosphere
The “sphere” that contains all the solid, non-living parts of the Earth, including the crust, mantle, and core the earth is called the_____________
geosphere
The “sphere” that contains all the water on the surface of the Earth is called the_____________
hydroshere
The “sphere” that contains all the frozen parts of the earth is called the_____________
cryosphere
The “sphere” that contains all living things on the earth is called the_____________
biosphere
The scientific name for the water cycle is the _________________
hydrologic cycle
_____________ happens when water falls to the earth as precipitation, it collects in oceans, lakes, icebergs, puddles, rivers and streams.
collection
_____________ is when the sun heats up a collection of water, it turns into vapor or steam as it rises into the air.
evaporation
_________________ is the evaporation of water from plants.
Transpiration
The process by which water vapor (gas) in the air is changed into liquid water
Condensation
A form of water that falls to the Earth’s surface when so much water has condensed that the clouds cannot hold it anymore.
precipitation
Rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, or hail are all types of _______________
precipitation
_____________ is the process by which precipitation or water soaks into subsurface soils and moves into rocks through cracks and pore spaces.
infiltration
_____________is the movement of water through deeper parts of the soil
percolation
The flow of water occurring on the ground surface when excess rainwater, stormwater, meltwater, or other sources, can no longer sufficiently rapidly infiltrate in the soil.
Surface runoff
The process by which green plants and some other photosynthetic organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.
photosynthesis
A molecule that absorbs the red and blue sunlight within a plant cell, but reflects green light.
chlorophyll
During light reactions, plants take in H2O and light to produce ________________
ATP, NADPH, and O2
The _____________ is how the chloroplast converts carbon dioxide (CO2) and the energy from the light reactions into glucose (sugar).
calvin cycle
The reactants in the photosynthesis equation are ______________
H2O and CO2
The products in the photosynthesis equation are ______________
O2 and C6H12O6 (glucose)
Dark reactions are also referred to as the _____________
calvin cycle
___________________ is the process by which animals take in oxygen and exchange it for carbon dioxide and water as waste products.
cellular respiration
________________are places where carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur are stored in compounds.
sinks, reservoirs, pools
Human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation affect which cycle?
carbon cycle
Most nitrogen is stored in which “sphere?”
Atmosphere
The process of _______________ involves bacteria transforming nitrogen gas (N2) into ammonium (NH4) which can be absorbed by plants.
nitrogen fixation
_________________ refers to any chemical reaction in which NH2 groups are converted into ammonium (NH4+), as an end product.
Ammonification
_________________ is the process by which plants and animals incorporate the NO3- and ammonium formed through nitrogen fixation and nitrification.
Assimilation
_____________________ are the largest phosphorous and sulfur sinks.
Sedimentary rocks
Bacteria play the biggest role in which major biogeochemical cycle?
Nitrogen cycle
__________________ is the process where too many nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus, are added to bodies of water and can act like fertilizer, causing excessive growth of algae.
Nutrient pollution / eutrophication
Humans create acid rain by doing what?
Burning fossil fuels, burning tires, refining sulfur containing petroleum, converting sulfur-containing metallic ores into free metals such as copper, lead, and zinc
