Unit 6 - Review Cards

Question 1

List the 5 types of “spheres” that we’ve talked about in this unit.

Answer 1

cryosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere

Question 2

The “sphere” that contains all gases on the earth is called the_____________

Answer 2

atmosphere

Question 3

The “sphere” that contains all the solid, non-living parts of the Earth, including the crust, mantle, and core the earth is called the_____________

Answer 3

geosphere

Question 4

The “sphere” that contains all the water on the surface of the Earth is called the_____________

Answer 4

hydroshere

Question 5

The “sphere” that contains all the frozen parts of the earth is called the_____________

Answer 5

cryosphere

Question 6

The “sphere” that contains all living things on the earth is called the_____________

Answer 6

biosphere

Question 7

The scientific name for the water cycle is the _________________

Answer 7

hydrologic cycle

Question 8

_____________ happens when water falls to the earth as precipitation, it collects in oceans, lakes, icebergs, puddles, rivers and streams.

Answer 8

collection

Question 9

_____________ is when the sun heats up a collection of water, it turns into vapor or steam as it rises into the air.

Answer 9

evaporation

Question 10

_________________ is the evaporation of water from plants.

Answer 10

Transpiration

Question 11

The process by which water vapor (gas) in the air is changed into liquid water

Answer 11

Condensation

Question 12

A form of water that falls to the Earth’s surface when so much water has condensed that the clouds cannot hold it anymore.

Answer 12

precipitation

Question 13

Rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, or hail are all types of _______________

Answer 13

precipitation

Question 14

_____________ is the process by which precipitation or water soaks into subsurface soils and moves into rocks through cracks and pore spaces.

Answer 14

infiltration

Question 15

_____________is the movement of water through deeper parts of the soil

Answer 15

percolation

Question 16

The flow of water occurring on the ground surface when excess rainwater, stormwater, meltwater, or other sources, can no longer sufficiently rapidly infiltrate in the soil.

Answer 16

Surface runoff

Question 17

The process by which green plants and some other photosynthetic organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.

Answer 17

photosynthesis

Question 18

A molecule that absorbs the red and blue sunlight within a plant cell, but reflects green light.

Answer 18

chlorophyll

Question 19

During light reactions, plants take in H2O and light to produce ________________

Answer 19

ATP, NADPH, and O2

Question 20

The _____________ is how the chloroplast converts carbon dioxide (CO2) and the energy from the light reactions into glucose (sugar).

Answer 20

calvin cycle

Question 21

The reactants in the photosynthesis equation are ______________

Answer 21

H2O and CO2

Question 22

The products in the photosynthesis equation are ______________

Answer 22

O2 and C6H12O6 (glucose)

Question 23

Dark reactions are also referred to as the _____________

Answer 23

calvin cycle

Question 24

___________________ is the process by which animals take in oxygen and exchange it for carbon dioxide and water as waste products.

Answer 24

cellular respiration

Question 25

________________are places where carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur are stored in compounds.

Answer 25

sinks, reservoirs, pools

Question 26

Human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation affect which cycle?

Answer 26

carbon cycle

Question 27

Most nitrogen is stored in which "sphere?"

Answer 27

Atmosphere

Question 28

The process of _______________ involves bacteria transforming nitrogen gas (N2) into ammonium (NH4) which can be absorbed by plants.

Answer 28

nitrogen fixation

Question 29

_________________ refers to any chemical reaction in which NH2 groups are converted into ammonium (NH4+), as an end product.

Answer 29

Ammonification

Question 30

_________________ is the process by which plants and animals incorporate the NO3- and ammonium formed through nitrogen fixation and nitrification.

Answer 30

Assimilation

Question 31

_____________________ are the largest phosphorous and sulfur sinks.

Answer 31

Sedimentary rocks

Question 32

Bacteria play the biggest role in which major biogeochemical cycle?

Answer 32

Nitrogen cycle

Question 33

__________________ is the process where too many nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus, are added to bodies of water and can act like fertilizer, causing excessive growth of algae.

Answer 33

Nutrient pollution / eutrophication

Question 34

Humans create acid rain by doing what?

Answer 34

Burning fossil fuels, burning tires, refining sulfur containing petroleum, converting sulfur-containing metallic ores into free metals such as copper, lead, and zinc