Unit 6 - Residences Flashcards
What is a residence?
- Can be permanent to temporary
- Differentiated to homogeneous
- Communality versus noncommunality
- Identity versus commonality
- Openness versus closedness
What is a highly differentiated residence?
- A highly differentiated residence has many rooms, each for a specific activity
- Highly differentiated residences are connected to wealth
What is a homogenous residence?
In a homogeneous residence, anything can be done in any room
What does “identity” refer to with respect to a residence?
The extent to which a residence depicts the unique interests and needs of its residents
What does “communality” refer to with respect to a residence?
The extent to which a residence reflects the common stereotype of a home of a particular culture - e.g. tipi
Explain communality versus noncommunality
The degree to which nuclear families live together or in different homes
Explain openness versus closedness
- The degree to which the residence is open to outsiders
- Houses can be surrounded by walls or hedges
- Residents may be welcoming, cool, or hostile
What are the characteristics of a home?
- Haven that protects us with privacy and refuge
- It is one way that we order our existence in the world - it helps us know our place
- It is central to our identity - it supports our sense of family, kinship, ethnic belonging and socioeconomic status
- Home gives us connectedness - patterns of spatial and temporal order help us feel connected to other people or our communities
- Warmth - symbolic and interpersonal
- Physically suitable - the physical form and structure of the house matches our psychological needs
How do we interact with our residences?
- Adapt to parts of our residence that we cannot change, however, we are not passive.
- Adjust - we adjust what we can to make it suit us
- Optimize - we work to make our space “fit” us
What 2 models are used to understand housing research?
- Burnswik’s lens model
2. Craik’s model of environment comprehension
In what order does the framework appear?
- Thousands of characteristics of a house - some important, some not so, with respect to residential satisfaction, behaviour, and well-being
- Objective characteristics of the dwelling that impacts satisfaction, behaviour, or well-being ( type of housing, age, location, market value, lot size, etc.)
- The observer- who is the resident? Personality, gender, age, occupation? First house? What grounds will they use to judge the house? Is the observer a real estate agent? Tax assessor? Potential buyer? Past resident? New owner?
What is Lewin’s alien hull?
What outcomes are there from the framework?
- Satisfaction - good, bad, better than anything else I’ve seen, good for someone else, I’ll buy it
- Behaviour - spends leisure time there, renovates, vandalizes
- Well-being - relaxing, stressful, illness due to structural problem - asbestos, radon gas etc.
How do we determine residential satisfaction?
- If the difference between your preference and what you ended up with is too different, you could be dissatisfied
- We make trade-offs in our heads … I don’t like the yard, but I do like the double garage
- Preferences appear to be more predictable from personal and architectural factors or the physical form of the building
- Choice appears to be more predictable from financial features
How do we measure residential satisfaction?
David Canter
2 cognitive processes related to residential satisfaction
Evaluation of a residence’s satisfactoriness is purposive. Purposive evaluations have several facets - level, referent, and focus factors
- Level - residents may be asked to evaluate a single part of the residence (one room) or a larger portion (the ground floor)
- Residents may be asked to assess qualities - beauty, lighting, spaciousness … these qualities are called referents
- Focus - How broadly are we asking the resident to evaluate something … for example, lighting … are we asking them to judge the effectiveness of one lamp, or the effectiveness of an entire house’s lighting?
What is meant by purpose?
David Canter
Purpose refers to the resident’s relationship to the residence … do they plan to stay for years, or is this a short-term stop?
What is meant by comparison?
David Canter?
- Do we ask people to evaluate their residence in general or in specific comparison to others?
- When people are asked to compare specifically to other residences, some discrepancy will appear
- Perceived physical qualities refer to appearance, provision for privacy, etc.
What are the personal influences that impact housing satisfaction?
- Age and stage of life
- Socioeconomic status
- General and social role
- Personality and values
- Comparisons
- Dreams of future
What are the social influences that impact housing satisfaction?
- Neighbours
- Norms
- Other’s preferences
- Shape of privacy, security, social interactions
What are the physical influences that impact housing satisfaction?
- Housing quality
- Housing form
- Architectural style
- Interior
- Outdoor areas
What are the cultural influences that impact housing satisfaction?
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How are homes arranged?
- Residences can look alike on the outside (think apartments), but can be completely different on the inside … however, are there forms of arrangement that are the same or vary by culture?
- French and Italian living rooms can be described using the dimensions of decoration, functional organization, and structuring of space
- Many French living rooms share the same characteristics such as velvet furniture, coffee table books, a bar, and bookshelves - there is symmetry in their furniture arrangements
What are all the types of living rooms?
Type A - asymmetric, eccentric, unconventional, mixtures of modern furniture, tapestries, paintings and antiques
Type B - much like Type A but more functional and less expensive
Type C - rich, expensive objects, antiques arranged ostentatiously, wooden floors
Type D - cheaper copies of Type C - objects are of the same type and arranged ritually, but they are reproductions and are arranged more symmetrically
Type E - A few valuable articles, arrangements are symmetrical
Type A & B people - tend to be older intellectuals and professionals
Type C & D people - tend to be older, successful businesspeople, preferring objects that show off their status and refer tot he old symbolic order in society
Type E people - older, retired, working-class
What is the spatial ecology of a home?
- Women, men, children, and territory
- Consequences of household spatial arrangements
- Women spend more time alone in the kitchen than anyone else
- Women spend more time in the company of children in bedrooms, bathrooms, and the kitchen than men
- In living rooms, men spend more time passively (watching TV) than women
- Women who do not work outside the home spend 7 times more time on household and childcare duties than men
3 Strategies for dealing with residential space conflicts
- Time territory - rotating a space like the TV room around family members
- Space-territory - placing conflicting activities in different parts of the house - e.g. studying and watching TV
- Cooperation-capitulation - when a dominant family member determines that everyone will engage in one activity, together, at the same time.
Adapting to a new residence
- Hyperhabituation - when older people move away from their homes and into care, they produce hyperhabituation or the over-adaptation to routines
- Environmental proactivity - the confidence to make choices about, help create, and take control of their new housing
Reaction to high density at home
- Density in the home is reported as more dissatisfying than income, financial value, or age of the house
- Murder rates are higher when there are more persons per room
