unit 6 - motivation Flashcards
leptin
hunger hormone
thirst drive - extracellular thirst
loss of fluids surrounding your body - caused by vomiting or diarrhea
thirst drive - intracellular thirst
sodium decreases fluids inside cells - caused by eating salty food
set point
the body tries to maintain a particular level of weight
- homeostasis
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
- transcendence
- self actualization
- esteem
- love/belonging
- safety
- physiological
sexual response cycle
- excitement
- plateau
- orgasm
- resolution
- refractory period
refractory period
time until the next orgasm - men’s are typically longer than women’s
homeostasis
stable equilibrium - comfort in the body
intrinsic motivation
needs/motivation for YOURSELF, INSIDE you! (pride, curiosity, interest, achievements)
extrinsic motivation
needs/motivation OUTSIDE yourself. once money is involved, it is always extrinsic. (grades, rewards, money, praise, punishment)
emotion
response of the whole organism involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conciois experience
James-Lange Theory
- physiological arousal first, THEN, emotion
Cannon-Bard Theory
- arousal/fear = SAME TIME
Schacter-Singer “2 Factor”
- create cognitive label (thinking) from the environment, then feel emotion.
adaptive-level phenomenon
Humans adapt to their surroundings and no longer respond to the specialness of specific stimuli. (ex. the music turns up, and 10 minutes later you adapt and don’t realize it’s loud.)
Carol Izard’s Facial Feedback Theory
10 basic emotions are UNIVERSAL
- joy
- interest
- sadness
- anger
- disgust
- content
- fear
- shame
- guilt
Paul Ekman
Facial Feedback theorist
Genuine smile (Duchenne) ques
- closed eyes
- crows feet
- lower lips cover teeth
Standard Smile ques
- open eyes
- fewer crows feet
- lower teeth exposed
relative deprivation
you feel worse off than the people you are comparing yourself to.
positive psychology
optimal human functioning, promote conditions that allow people to thrive
approach- approach
the organism is forced to choose between 2 different desirable stimuli (good)
avoidance - avoidance
the organism is forced to choose between 2 different undesirable alternatives (bad)
approach-avoidance
the organism is attracted and repulsed by the same situation (good comes with bad, bad comes with good)
general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
Hans Selye
explains stress response and how aging and disease are caused by chronic stress
GAS stages
- Alarm - initial reaction to stress (fight/flight/freeze)
- Resistance- after body has responded, stress hormone production reduced
- Exhaustion- body loses ability to combat stressor, can lead to health problems
Type A personality
ambitious, competitive, and aggressive
Type B Personality
patient, flexible, and laid-back
instinct theory
biologically pre-programed instinctual urges
drive reduction theory
prefer the state of homeostasis - drive to reduce a need
physical bodily need
arousal theory
“Yerkes- Dodson Law”
optimal level of arousal
increase level of stimulation
incentive theory
positive or negative stimuli that motivate (ex. money)
cognitive theory
expectations guide our behavior - behave in ways which we think will end up in a positive putcome
self-determination theory
combination of inner and outer motivators
self-actualization theory
realizing your own inner potential
put away physical needs and safety to receive positive outcomes
