UNIT 6 - MOTIVATION

Question 1

The process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met.

Answer 1

Motivation

Question 2

A type of motivation in which a person performs an action because it leads to an outcome that is separate or external to the person.

Answer 2

Extrinsic motivation

Question 3

A type of motivation in which a person performs an action because the act itself is rewarding or satisfying in some internal manner

Answer 3

Intrinsic motivation

Question 4

The biologically determined and innate patterns of behavior that exist in both people and animals.

Answer 4

Instincts

Question 5

Approach to motivation that assumes behavior arises from internal drives to push the organism to satisfy physiological needs and reduce tension and arousal.

Answer 5

Drive-reduction theory

Question 6

A requirement of some material (such as food or water) that is essential for the survival of the organism.

Answer 6

Need

Question 7

Those drives that involve the needs of the body such as hunger and thirst for survival.

Answer 7

Primary drives

Question 8

Those drives that are learned through experience or conditioning, such as the need for money or social approval.

Answer 8

Acquired (secondary) drives

Question 9

The tendency of the body to maintain a steady state.

Answer 9

Homeostasis

Question 10

In ________, the body maintains balance in its physical state.

Answer 10

Homeostasis

Question 11

The need for friendly social interactions and relationships with others.

Answer 11

Need for affiliation (nAff)

Question 12

The need to have control or influence over others.

Answer 12

Need for power (nPow)

Question 13

A need that involves a strong desire to succeed in attaining goals, not only realistic ones but also challenging ones.

Answer 13

Need for achievement (nAch)

Question 14

Theory of motivation that believes that little control over what happens may lead to learned helplessness

Answer 14

Carol Dweck’s self theory of motivation

Question 15

A motive that appears to be unlearned but causes an increase in stimulation, such as curiosity.

Answer 15

Stimulus motive

Question 16

A theory of motivation in which people are said to have an optimal (best or ideal) level of tension that they seek to maintain by increasing or decreasing stimulation.

Answer 16

Arousal theory

Question 17

Someone who needs more arousal than the average person.

Answer 17

Sensation seeker

Question 18

Things that attract or lure people into action.

Answer 18

Incentives

Question 19

Theories of motivation in which behavior is explained as a response to the external stimulus and its rewarding properties.

Answer 19

Incentive approaches

Question 20

According to Maslow, the point that is seldom reached at which people have sufficiently satisfied their lower needs and achieved their full human potential.

Answer 20

Self-actualization

Question 21

According to Maslow, times in a person’s life during which self-actualization is temporarily achieved.

Answer 21

Peak experiences

Question 22

Theory of human motivation in which the social context of an action influences the type of motivation existing for the action.

Answer 22

Self-determination theory

Question 23

Feeling of being in control to direct one’s action.

Answer 23

Autonomy

Question 24

Gaining mastery of a task or skill to help achieve one’s goal.

Answer 24

Competence

Question 25

Having a sense of belonginess and attachment with others

Answer 25

Relatedness

Question 26

A hormone secreted by the pancreas to control the levels of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates in the body by reducing the level of glucose in the bloodstream.

Answer 26

Insulin

Question 27

A hormone that is secreted by the pancreas to control the level of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates in the body by increasing the level of glucose in the bloodstream.

Answer 27

Glucagon

Question 28

A hormone that, when released into the bloodstream, signals the hypothalamus that the body has had enough food and reduces the appetite while increasing the feeling of being full

Answer 28

Leptin

Question 29

_______reduces the level of glucose in the bloodstream that causes a feeling of more hunger because of the drop in blood sugar levels.

Answer 29

Insulin

Question 30

Food rich in _______ cause the insulin level to spike even more because of the large amount of glucose released by the food.

Answer 30

Carbohydrates

Question 31

_____ blood sugar level increases one’s appetite, and the tendency to overeat.

Answer 31

Low

Question 32

The rate at which the body burns energy when the organism is resting.

Answer 32

Basal metabolic rate

Question 33

The particular level of weight that the body tries to maintain.

Answer 33

Weight set point