Unit 6: Meiosis and Genetics

Question 1

chromosome

Answer 1

a strand of DNA

Question 2

chromatid

Answer 2

a chromosome attached to its exact copy

Question 3

centromere

Answer 3

part of the chromosome that attaches to spindle

Question 4

haploid (N)

Answer 4

having one copy of each chromosome

Question 5

diploid (2N)

Answer 5

having two copies of each chromosome

Question 6

mitosis

Answer 6

division of a cell into two genetically identical cells

Question 7

meiosis

Answer 7

division of a cell into four haploid cells

Question 8

homologue

Answer 8

one pair of chromosomes (one from mom, one from dad)

Question 9

crossing over

Answer 9

interlocking of two homologous chromosomes and movement of genetic material

Question 10

somatic cells

Answer 10

(all the cells in your body except gametes) have pairs of homologous chromosomes

Question 11

homologous chromosomes

Answer 11

matched in: length, centromere positions, loci [alleles may be found in the same locus on maternal and paternal chromosomes]

Question 12

alleles

Answer 12

different versions of a gene

Question 13

locus

Answer 13

gene location

Question 14

autosomes

Answer 14

non-sex chromosomes

Question 15

sex chromosomes

Answer 15

a chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism, typically one of two kinds.

Question 16

nondisjunction

Answer 16

the failure of chromosomes or chromatids to separate during meiosis (during Meiosis I: both members of a homologous pair go to one pole, during Meiosis II: both sister chromatids go to one pole)