Unit 6: Lists, Loops, Traversals

Question 1

If Karel is facing North and the code

turnLeft();
turnLeft();
runs, which direction is Karel facing now?

A) North
B) South
C) East
D) West

Answer 1

South

Notes: Great job! After the first command, Karel will face West and after the second command Karel will face South.

Question 2

If Karel starts at Street 1 and Avenue 3 facing East, what street (row) and avenue (column) will Karel be on after this code runs?

move();
move();
move();
turnLeft();
move();

A) Street 1 and Avenue 3
B) Street 4 and Avenue 4
C) Street 2 and Avenue 6
D) Street 6 and Avenue 2

Answer 2

Street 2 and Avenue 6

Notes: Excellent! The first 3 move(); commands will bring Karel to Avenue 6. Then, since Karel turns, the last move will bring him to Street 2.

Question 3

How many times should Karel turn left in order to turn right?

1
2
3
4

Answer 3

3

Question 4

Question: 1
Which function will teach Karel how to spin in a circle one time?

A

function spin() {
turnRight();
}
B

function spin() {
turnLeft();
turnLeft();
turnLeft();
turnLeft();
}
C

function spin() {
turnLeft();
turnLeft();
}
D

function spin() {
move();
move();
move();
move();
}

A
B
C
D

Answer 4

B

Question 5

What is the best way for Karel to move 10 times?

move();
move();
move();
move();
move();
move();
move();
move();
move();
move();

for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
move();
}

move(10);

move10();

Answer 5

for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
move();
}

Question 6

Why do we use while loops in JavaScript?

To break out of some block of code
To do something if a condition is true
To repeat some code while a condition is true
To repeat something for a fixed number of times

Answer 6

To repeat some code while a condition is true

Question 7

Which general while loop definition is written correctly?

A

while (x is true) {
// code
}
B

if (i<5) {
//code
}
C

while (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {
//code
}
D

while (condition) {
//code
}

A
B
C
D

Answer 7

D

Question 8

What do we use control structures for in JavaScript?

Control the flow of the program; how the commands execute.
Start our JavaScript program
Store information for later
Teach Karel new commands

Answer 8

Control the flow of the program; how the commands execute.

Question 9

Which of the below are examples of control structures?

(I) if
(II) if/else
(III) while
(IV) for

I only
I and II only
III and I only
I, II, III, and IV

Answer 9

I, II, III, and IV

Question 10

Will the following program move Karel one space, pick up three tennis balls, then move forward and put down three tennis balls?

function start() {
move();
tennisBalls();
move();
tennisBalls();
}

function tennisBalls() {
for(var i = 0; i < 3; i ++) {
if(noBallsPresent()){
putBall();
} else {
takeBall();
}
}
}

Yes, because it is using the tennisBalls() function.

No, because the tennisBalls() function is looping the wrong number of times.

Yes, because the move() command is being called outside of the function.

No, because the tennisBalls() function has an incorrect if/else statement.

Answer 10

No, because the tennisBalls() function has an incorrect if/else statement.

Question 11

How many times will the following program print “hello”?

for (var i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
println(“hello”);
}

4
5
6
i

Answer 11

5

Question 12

In the following code, what will be the last number to print to the screen before the program finishes?

for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if (i % 2 == 0) {
println(i);
} else {
println(2 * i);
}
}

10
20
9
18

Answer 12

18

Notes: Correct! In this for loop, i will go from 0 to 9. So on the last run of the loop, i will have the value of 9. Since 9 is odd, i % 2 == 0 will be false, and the else statement will execute, causing 2 * i, or 18, to be printed.

Question 13

How many times will the following code print “hello”?

for (var i = 3; i < 8; i++) {
println(“hello”);
}

3
5
6
8

Answer 13

5

Question 14

How many times will the following code print “hello”?

for (var i = 0; i < 8; i += 2) {
println(“hello”);
}
JavaScript

0
2
4
8

Answer 14

4

Question 15

What will be the value of sum after this code runs?

var START = 1;
var END = 4;

function start(){
var sum = 0;
for(var i = START; i <= END; i++){
sum += i;
}
}

10
4
1
40

Answer 15

10

Question 16

How many times will this program print “hello”?

var i = 10;
while (i > 0) {
println(“hello”);
i–;
}
JavaScript

0
10
i
This code will loop infinitely

Answer 16

10

Question 17

How many times will this program print “hello”?

var i = 50;
while (i < 100) {
println(“hello”);
}
JavaScript

0
50
100
This code will loop infinitely

Answer 17

This code will loop infinitely

Question 18

The AP Exam does not use for loops and while loops, but rather REPEAT or REPEAT UNTIL commands as shown below.

REPEAT n TIMES
{

<block>
}

REPEAT UNTIL(condition)
{
<block>
}
The program below uses a robot in a 5x5 grid of squares. The robot is represented as a triangle, which is initially in the bottom-left square of the grid and facing toward the right of the grid.

Given the following code segment:

REPEAT 2 TIMES
{
MOVE_FORWARD ()
MOVE_FORWARD ()
ROTATE_LEFT ()
}
Which of the following code segments could be used to produce the same results?

A)
REPEAT 4 TIMES
{
MOVE_FORWARD ()
ROTATE_LEFT ()
}

B)
REPEAT 2 TIMES
{
MOVE_FORWARD ()
MOVE_FORWARD ()
}

ROTATE_LEFT ()

C)
REPEAT 2 TIMES
{
MOVE_FORWARD ()
MOVE_FORWARD ()
}

REPEAT 2 TIMES
{
ROTATE_LEFT ()
ROTATE_LEFT ()
}

D)
REPEAT 2 TIMES
{
MOVE_FORWARD ()
}

ROTATE_LEFT ()

REPEAT 2 TIMES
{
MOVE_FORWARD ()
}
ROTATE_LEFT ()
</block></block>

Answer 18

D

Question 19

Consider the following program, which is intended to print the sum of all the positive integers up to number.

sum ← 0

REPEAT number TIMES
{
sum ← sum + number
}

DISPLAY sum
Which of the following best describes the behavior of this program?

The program correctly displays the sum of all positive integers from 1 to number

The program does not work as intended but rather it displays the number squared.

The program does not work as intended but rather it displays the number factorial.

The program does not work as intended because sum should be initialized to 1.

Answer 19

The program does not work as intended but rather it displays the number squared.

Notes: Awesome! Since the DISPLAY command is outside of the loop, only the last result of sum is displayed.

Question 20

Consider the following program, which is intended to print the count of even numbers between 1 and number

count ← 0

i ← 1

REPEAT number TIMES
{
IF (i MOD 2 = 0)
{
count ← count + 1
}

i ← i + 1 }

DISPLAY count
Which of the following best describes the behavior of this program?

The program correctly displays the count of even numbers between 1 and number

The program does not work as intended because it displays the count of odd numbers between 1 and number

The program does not work as intended because it displays count but should instead display i

The program does not work as intended because the condition in the if statement needs to say (number MOD 2 = 0)

Answer 20

The program correctly displays the count of even numbers between 1 and number

Notes: Great job! If there is no remainder (MOD) then the number i is even. Count is incremented and 1 is added to the number i. Then, it repeats.

Question 21

In the procedure Mystery written below, the parameter number is a positive integer.

PROCEDURE Mystery (number)
{
value ← number

REPEAT UNTIL (number = 0)
{
    value ← value * -1
    number ← number - 1
}

IF (value > 0)
{
    RETURN (true)
}
ELSE
{
    RETURN (false)
} } Which of the following best describes the result of running the Mystery procedure?

The result will always be true for any initial value of number

The result will always be false for any initial value of number

The result will be true whenever the initial value of number is even

The result will be true whenever the initial value of number is odd

Answer 21

The result will be true whenever the initial value of number is even

Notes: Excellent! If the number is even, then the sign of value will return to its original sign by the end of the loop. Since number is a positive integer, value will always start as a positive integer which means it will end as a positive integer (value > 0).

Question 22

In the procedure Mystery written below, the parameter number is a positive integer.

PROCEDURE Mystery (number)
{
value ← 0

REPEAT UNTIL (number = 0)
{
    IF (number MOD 2 = 0)
    {
        value ← value + 1
    }
    ELSE
    {
        value ← value - 1
    }

    number ← number - 1
}

IF (value = 0)
{
    RETURN (true)
}
ELSE
{
    return (false)
} } Which of the following best describes the result of running the Mystery procedure?

The result will always be true for any initial value of number

The result will always be false for any initial value of number

The result will be true whenever the initial value of number is even

The result will be true whenever the initial value of number is odd

Answer 22

The result will be true whenever the initial value of number is even

Notes: Amazing! An even number (MOD 2 = 0) will add 1 to the value and then subtract 1 to the value once decremented. It will repeat this until number = 0 but will always result in value = 0.

Question 23

Which initial value of number would cause an infinite loop?

REPEAT UNTIL(number = 0)
{
number ← number - 1
}

Any positive integer.

Any negative integer.

Any even integer.

Any odd integer.

Answer 23

Any negative integer.

Notes: Wonderful! Since the number is decremented in each iteration, if the number in initialized as a negative number, it will never equal 0.

Question 24

Which initial value of number would cause the loop to be skipped?

REPEAT UNTIL(number MOD 2 = 0)
{
number ← number - 1
}

Any positive integer.

Any negative integer.

Any even integer.

Any odd integer.

Answer 24

Any even integer.

Notes: Nice work! The loop runs until the number is even (MOD 2 = 0). If the number is already even, the loop won’t run.

Question 25

What does the mystery function do?

function mystery() {
while (noBallsPresent()) {
move();
}
}

Karel moves until it is on a ball

If there is no ball present, Karel will move one time and stop.

Karel moves until it puts down a ball

Karel checks if there is no ball on the current spot and then moves once

Answer 25

Karel moves until it is on a ball

Question 26

What condition should be used in this while loop to get Karel to pick up all the tennis balls on the current location?

while (________) {
takeBall();
}

noBallsPresent()

ballsPresent()

frontIsClear()

takeBall()

Answer 26

ballsPresent()

Question 27

Which of the following is the correct way to define a turnRight function in Karel?

A)
function turnRight() {
turnLeft();
turnLeft();
turnLeft();
}

B)
function turnRight() {
turnRight();
turnRight();
turnRight();
}

C)
function turnRight {
turnLeft();
turnLeft();
turnLeft();
}

D)
turnRight function() {
turnLeft();
turnLeft();
turnLeft();
}

Answer 27

A)
function turnRight() {
turnLeft();
turnLeft();
turnLeft();
}

Question 28

Question: 23
How many total times will Karel move in this program?

function start() {
move();
for (var i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
move();
putBall();
}
}

1
5
6
7

Answer 28

6

Question 29

What is wrong with this for loop?

for (var i = 0, i < 10, i + 1) {
move();
}

A. The for loop uses commas instead of semicolons
B. It should say i++ instead of i + 1

A
B
A and B
The for loop is correct

Answer 29

A and B

Question 30

What is the last thing printed by the following program?

var start = 30;
var stop = 10;
for(var i = start; i >= stop; i-=5){
if(i % 2 == 0){
println(i * 2);
} else {
println(i);
}
}

10
20
30
60

Answer 30

20

Question 31

We want to simulate constantly flipping a coin until we get 3 heads in a row. What kind of loop should we use?

For loop

While loop

Loop and a half

Infinite loop

Answer 31

While loop

Question 32

How many times will the following program print “hello”?

var i = 0;
while(i < 10){
println(“hello”);
}

10
11
9
This code will loop infinitely

Answer 32

This code will loop infinitely

Question 33

What will the following program print when run?

for (var j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
for (var i = 6; i > 4; i–){
println (i);
}
}

4
5
4
5

6
5
4
6
5
4

0
2
6
4

6
5
6
5

Answer 33

6
5
6
5

Question 34

What is the output of the following program?

var result = 0;
var max = 5;
for(var i = 0; i < max; i++){
result += i;
}
println(result);

15
10
0
12345

Answer 34

10

Question 35

We want to print the phrase “CodeHS is the best” exactly 25 times. What kind of control structure should we use?

If statement

While loop

Break statement

For loop

Answer 35

For Loop

Question 36

We want to make a grocery list in our program. Which of the following is the correct way to make an array/list?

var groceries = “milk, sugar, eggs, cake”;

var groceries = [“milk, sugar, eggs, cake”];

var groceries = [“milk” “sugar” “eggs” “cake”];

var groceries = [“milk”, “sugar”, “eggs”, “cake”];

Answer 36

var groceries = [“milk”, “sugar”, “eggs”, “cake”];

Question 37

What is an array (or list)?

An ordered collection of items

An unordered collection of items

A function

A type of loop

Answer 37

An ordered collection of items

Question 38

The AP exam uses the notation [index1, index2, index3…] to create a list with those values as the first, second, third, and so on elements.

The indices on the exam are different. They do not start at 0, but rather at 1.

Consider the following code segment.

aList ← [15, “hello”, true]
Which element can be found at index 2?

aList

15

hello

true

Answer 38

hello

Question 39

Which of the following will create an empty list and assign it to aList?

aList ← 0

aList ← [0]

aList ← [ ]

aList ← “ “

Answer 39

aList ← [ ]

Question 40

Consider the following code segment.

aList ← [20, 40, 60]
bList ← [10, 30, 50]
aList ← bList
bList ← [15, 45, 90]
What is stored in aList?

[15, 45, 90]

[10, 30, 50]

[20, 40, 60]

[ ] (empty set)

Answer 40

[10, 30, 50]

Question 41

Consider the following code segment.

The indices on the exam are different. They do not start at 0, but rather at 1.

aList ← [“dog”, false, “bird”]
Which of the following will throw an error?

I. aList[0]
II. aList[2]
III. aList[3]
IV. aList[4]

I and II

I and IV

II and IV

III and IV

Answer 41

I and IV

Notes: Correct! For the AP Exam, the indices start at 1. There is no index 0 or index 4. in aList.

Question 42

What is the index of the very first item in a JavaScript array?

0
1

Answer 42

0

Question 43

var shoppingList = [“milk”, “eggs”, “sugar”, “bread”, “cake”];

Which line of code will correctly change “cake” to “apples”?

shoppingList[“cake”] = “apples”;

shoppingList[“apples”] = “cake”;

shoppingList[4] = “apples”;

shoppingList[5] = “apples”;

Answer 43

shoppingList[4] = “apples”;

Question 44

How can we get the length of an array arr?

arr.len

arr.length

length(arr)

arr.length()

Answer 44

arr.length

Question 45

Which loop will correctly loop over the array arr and print each value inside of it?

A)
for(var i = 0; i < arr.length(); i++){
var curr = arr[i];
println(curr);
}

B)
for(var i = 1; i <= arr.length(); i++){
var curr = arr[i];
println(curr);
}

C)
for(var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++){
var curr = arr[i];
println(curr);
}

D)
for(var i = 1; i <= arr.length; i++){
var curr = arr[i];
println(curr);
}

Answer 45

C)
for(var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++){
var curr = arr[i];
println(curr);
}

Question 46

function start(){
//this array is filled with several Rectangle objects
var rectangleArray = […];

//your code here
... }

function updateRectangle(rect){
//changes the color of rect to a random color
rect.setColor(Randomizer.nextColor());
}
J
We have an array of Rectangles called rectangleArray and a function updateRectangle(rect) that takes a single rectangle as a parameter and changes its color to a random color. How can we easily change the color of every rectangle inside rectangleArray?

A)
updateRectangle(rectangleArray[0]);
updateRectangle(rectangleArray[1]);
…
updateRectangle(rectangleArray[100]);
…
updateRectangle(rectangleArray[rectangleArray.length - 1]);

B)
updateRectangle(rectangleArray);

C)
for(var i = 0; i < rectangleArray.length; i++){
updateRectangle(rectangleArray[i]);
}

D)
for(var i = 0; i <= rectangleArray.length; i++){
updateRectangle(rectangleArray[i]);
}

Answer 46

C

Question 47

What kinds of items can we store in arrays?

numbers only

strings of text only

numbers or strings of text

any kind of object (anything you can store in a variable)

Answer 47

any kind of object (anything you can store in a variable)

Question 48

What is the output of the following program?

function start(){
var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7];
var elem = arr.pop();
println(arr);
println(elem);
}

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
[7]

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
7

[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
1

[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
[1]

Answer 48

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
7

Question 49

What is the output of the following program?

function start(){
var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7];
var elem = arr.remove(2);
println(arr);
}

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

[3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

[1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

[1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7]

Answer 49

[1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7]

Question 50

The AP Exam uses the following format to iterate through a list.

FOR EACH item IN aList
{

<block>
}
Given the following code segment, how can you best describe its behavior?

result ← 0

FOR EACH n IN list
{
IF (n MOD 2 = 0)
{
result ← result + n
}
}

DISPLAY result

This code displays the count of even numbers in list

This code displays the sum of the even numbers in list

This code displays the sum of the numbers at the even indices of list

This code results in an error
</block>

Answer 50

This code displays the sum of the even numbers in list

Notes: Great job! This code checks if n is even (n MOD 2 = 0). If it is, then n is added to the result.

Question 51

The AP Exam uses the following format to add an item to list and to find the length of a list.

APPEND(aList, value)

LENGTH(aList)
Given the following code segment, how can you best describe its behavior?

You can assume number is a positive integer and isPrime(x) returns true if x is prime and false otherwise.

list ← []

i ← 1

REPEAT number TIMES
{
IF (isPrime(i))
{
APPEND(list, i)
}
i ← i + 1
}

DISPLAY LENGTH(list)

This code displays the total number of prime numbers between 1 and number

This code displays a list of all of the prime numbers between 1 and number

This code displays the sum of the prime numbers between 1 and number

This code results in an error

Answer 51

This code displays the total number of prime numbers between 1 and number

Notes: Excellent! This code checks to see if i is a prime number. If it is it appends, or adds, it to list. Then, i is incremented and checked again.

Question 52

The AP Exam uses the following format to remove an item from a list and to access the element at a specific index in a list.

REMOVE(aList, i)

aList[i]
Given the following Mystery procedure, how can you best describe the result it returns?

PROCEDURE Mystery (list, target)
{
length ← LENGTH(list)
i ← 1

REPEAT length TIMES
{
    IF (list[i] = target)
    {
        REMOVE(list, i)
    }
    ELSE
    {
        i ← i + 1
    }
}
RETURN(list) }

This procedure returns the list without the first instance of the given target

This procedure returns the list without any instance of the given target

This procedure returns the list where each instance of the given target is replaced by the index.

This procedure returns the number of times the target appears in the list

Answer 52

This procedure returns the list without any instance of the given target

Notes: Wonderful! This code checks to see if each element in the list matches the target. If it does, then it removes the element from the list.

Question 53

The AP Exam uses the following format to insert an item to a list and to generate a random integer from a to b, including a and b.

INSERT(aList, i, value)

RANDOM(a, b)
Given the following code segment, how can you best describe its behavior?

i ← 1

FOR EACH x IN list
{
REMOVE(list, i)
random ← RANDOM(1, LENGTH(list))
INSERT(list, random, x)
i ← i + 1
}

This code replaces everything in the list with random numbers.

This code shuffles the order of the numbers in the list by removing them and inserting them back in a random place.

This code removes all of the numbers in the list and inserts random numbers in random places in the list.

This code errors by trying to access an element at an index greater than the length of the list.

Answer 53

This code shuffles the order of the numbers in the list by removing them and inserting them back in a random place.

Notes: Nice work! This code first removes the item at each index in the list. Then, it generates a random index (from 1 to LENGTH(list)) and inserts the item it removed to this new index. Lastly, i is incremented and the process repeats.

Question 54

In the following array:

var groceries = [“milk”, “eggs”, “cookies”, “cake”];

Which of the following statements will change “cookies” to “bread”?

groceries[“cookies”] = “bread”;

groceries[3] = “bread”;

groceries[2] = “bread”;

groceries.push(“bread”);

Answer 54

groceries[2] = “bread”;

Question 55

What is the output of the following program?

var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
var removed = arr.remove(2);
println(arr);
println(removed);

A)
[1, 2, 3]
[4, 5]

B)
[3, 4, 5]
[1, 2]

C)
[1, 3, 4, 5]
2

D)
[1, 2, 4, 5]
3

Answer 55

D

Question 56

Suppose we have a list groceryList shown below:

var groceryList = [“milk”, “bread”, “eggs”, “sugar”, “carrots”, “apples”];
JavaScript
We want to write a function addGrocery that will take a grocery list and an item as a parameter and add the item on to the end of the grocery list. For example

println(groceryList);
addGrocery(groceryList, “potatoes”);
println(groceryList);
JavaScript
Should print out

[“milk”, “bread”, “eggs”, “sugar”, “carrots”, “apples”]
[“milk”, “bread”, “eggs”, “sugar”, “carrots”, “apples”, “potatoes”]
JavaScript
Which of the following is the correct implementation of addGrocery?

A)
function addGrocery(groceryList, item){
groceryList += item;
}

B)
function addGrocery(groceryList, item){
groceryList[groceryList.length - 1] = item;
}

C)
function addGrocery(groceryList, item){
groceryList.push(item);
}

D)
function addGrocery(groceryList, item){
groceryList.length++;
groceryList[groceryList.length] = item;
}

Answer 56

C

Question 57

Suppose we have a list groceryList shown below:

var groceryList = [“milk”, “bread”, “eggs”, “sugar”, “carrots”, “apples”];

Once we buy a certain item, we should remove it from the list to show that we bought it. We want to write a function removeGrocery that will take an item as a parameter and remove it from our grocery list. For example:

println(groceryList);
removeGrocery(groceryList, “bread”);
println(groceryList);

Should print out:

[“milk”, “bread”, “eggs”, “sugar”, “carrots”, “apples”]
[“milk”, “eggs”, “sugar”, “carrots”, “apples”]
Which of the following is the best implementation of removeGrocery?

A)
function removeGrocery(groceryList, item){
groceryList.pop();
}

B)
function removeGrocery(groceryList, item){
groceryList.remove(item);
}

C)
function removeGrocery(groceryList, item){
var index = groceryList.indexOf(item);
if(index != -1){
groceryList.remove(index);
}
}

D)
function removeGrocery(groceryList, item){
var index = groceryList.indexOf(item);
groceryList.remove(index);
}

Answer 57

C

Question 58

We want to be able to read our grocery list in a readable format while we’re shopping. We decide to write a function printGroceries such that the following code:

var groceryList = [“milk”, “bread”, “eggs”, “sugar”, “carrots”, “apples”];
printGroceries(groceryList);
JavaScript
Should print out

1. milk
2. bread
3. eggs
4. sugar
5. carrots
6. apples
   JavaScript
   printGroceries should not modify the groceryList array at all, the array should be in the same state after being printed as it was before it was printed. Which of the following is the best implementation of printGroceries?

A)
function printGroceries(groceryList){
println(“1. “ + groceryList[0]);
println(“2. “ + groceryList[1]);
println(“3. “ + groceryList[2]);
println(“4. “ + groceryList[3]);
println(“5. “ + groceryList[4]);
println(“6. “ + groceryList[5]);
}

B)
function printGroceries(groceryList){
for(var i = 1; i <= groceryList.length; i++){
println(i + “. “ + groceryList[i]);
}

C)
function printGroceries(groceryList){
for(var i = 0; i < groceryList.length; i++){
println((i + 1) + “. “ + groceryList[i]);
}

D)
function printGroceries(groceryList){
var counter = 1;
while(groceryList.length > 0){
println(counter + “. “ + groceryList.remove(0));
counter++;
}
}

Answer 58

C

Question 59

What does the following function mystery do?

function mystery(list){
var result = [];
while(list.length > 0){
var elem = list.pop();
result.push(elem);
}
return result;
}

Returns a copy of the list list, and leaves list empty

Returns a new list containing the elements of the list list in reverse order, and leaves list empty

Returns a copy of the list list, and does not modify the contents of list

Returns a new list containing the elements of the list list in reverse order, and does not modify the contents of list

Answer 59

Returns a new list containing the elements of the list list in reverse order, and leaves list empty

Notes: Correct! This program removes every element from list starting at the end of list and adds it to result. result will end up with every element in list in reverse order and list will be left empty.

Question 60

What is the output of the following program:

var groceries = [“bread”, “bananas”, “apples”, “cheese”, “peanuts”];
println(groceries.indexOf(“bananas”));

2

1

-1

true

Answer 60

1

Question 61

What kinds of elements can you store in data structures?

Strings of text and numerical values

Strings of text, numerical values, and graphical objects (Circles, Rectangles, etc)

Strings of text, numerical values, and booleans

Any kind of objects (anything you can store in a variable)

Answer 61

Any kind of objects (anything you can store in a variable)

Question 62

var numbers = [1, 1, 2, 3, 5];

How can we add an 8 to the end of numbers?

numbers[6] = 8;

numbers[0] = 8

numbers.push(8);

numbers.pop(8);

Answer 62

numbers.push(8);

Question 63

var numbers = [1, 1, 2, 3, 5];

How can we remove the last item from the end of the numbers array and store it in a variable called value?

var value = numbers[5];

var value = numbers.pop();

var value = numbers.push();

var value = numbers;

Answer 63

var value = numbers.pop();

Question 64

What method can we use to find the index of a particular element in an array?

indexOf

find

findElement

index

Answer 64

indexOf

Question 65

What is the output of the following program?

function start(){
var arr = [12, 17, 65, 7, 30, 88];
var elem = arr.pop();
println(arr);
println(elem);
}

A)
[12, 17, 65, 7, 30]
[88]

B)
[12, 17, 65, 7, 30]
88

C)
[17, 65, 7, 30, 88]
12

D)
[17, 65, 7, 30, 88]
[12]

Answer 65

B

Question 66

The AP exam uses the notation [index1, index2, index3…] to create a list with those values as the first, second, third, and so on elements.

The indices on the exam are different. They do not start at 0, but rather at 1.

Consider the following code segment.

arrList ← [17, “Karel”, false, true, “hello”]
Which element can be found at index 2?

arrList

17

Karel

false

Answer 66

Karel

Question 67

Consider the following code segment.

The indices on the exam are different. They do not start at 0, but rather at 1.

aList ← [“cat”, true, “hello”, 78, “Karel”]
Which of the following will throw an error?

I. aList[0]
II. aList[2]
III. aList[3]
IV. aList[6]

I and II

I and IV

II and IV

III and IV

Answer 67

I and IV

Question 68

The AP Exam uses the following format to iterate through a list.

FOR EACH item IN aList
{

<block>
}
Given the following code segment, how can you best describe its behavior?

result ← 0

FOR EACH n IN list
{
IF (n MOD 2 = 1)
{
result ← result + n
}
}

DISPLAY result

This code displays the count of odd numbers in list

This code displays the sum of the odd numbers in list

This code displays the sum of the numbers at the odd indices of list

This code results in an error
</block>

Answer 68

This code displays the sum of the odd numbers in list

Question 69

The AP Exam uses the following format to add an item to list and to find the length of a list.

APPEND(aList, value)

LENGTH(aList)
Given the following code segment, how can you best describe its behavior?

You can assume number is a positive integer and isComposite(x) returns true if x is composite (not prime) and false otherwise.

list ← []

i ← 1

REPEAT number TIMES
{
IF (isComposite(i))
{
APPEND(list, i)
}
i ← i + 1
}

DISPLAY LENGTH(list)

This code displays the total number of composite numbers between 1 and number

This code displays a list of all of the composite numbers between 1 and number

This code displays the sum of the composite numbers between 1 and number

This code results in an error

Answer 69

This code displays the total number of composite numbers between 1 and number