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Business A-level > Unit 6 - HR > Flashcards

Unit 6 - HR Flashcards

1
Q

Name 6 key possible HR objectives

A 
Employée engagement and involvement
Talent development
Training
Diversity
Alignment of values
Number, right skills and location of employees
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2
Q

What is diversity?

A

It is realising that each individual worker is different

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3
Q

What are the two opposite types of HR approach?

A

Soft and hard HR

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4
Q

What is a hard HR approach?

A

Where employees are simply treated as a resource, have little autonomy and are more than likely often on low wages due to the basic nature of the work

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5
Q

What is a soft HR approach?

A

Employers have regular communication with employees and employees are encouraged to take responsibility. Appraisal systems are generally more focused on employee needs rather than simply how good or bad there performance has been, as with a hard HR approach

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6
Q

What is an appraisal system?

A

The process where managers examine and evaluate a worker’s performance and compare it with preset targets

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7
Q

What is labour productivity?

A

Measures the output per employee over a specified time period

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8
Q

How do you calculate labour productivity?

A

Total output per time period/number of employees

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9
Q

What effect does higher labour productivity have on costs?

A

It decreases unit costs because fixed costs are now spread over more units

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10
Q

Why is being capital intensive good for many firms?

A

It can reduce unit costs massively as machinery can be far more productive and efficient

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11
Q

What is labour cost per unit?

A

This is how much it costs in labour to produce 1 unit of output

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12
Q

How do you calculate labour cost per unit?

A

Labour costs/output

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13
Q

What happens to labour cost per unit if productivity rises?

A

They fall

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14
Q

What does employee costs as a percentage of turnover measure?

A

This calculates labour costs as a percentage of turnover

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15
Q

How do you measure employee costs as a percentage of turnover?

A

Labour costs/turnover. X100

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16
Q

How do you calculate labour turnover?

A

Number leaving over time period/total number of employees. X100

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17
Q

How do you calculate labour retention?

A

Number employed for more than 1 year/total number of employees X100

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18
Q

What is human resource planning?

A

Ensuring staffing in terms of numbers and skills is adequate to achieve objectives

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19
Q

What is job rotation?

A

Varying the jobs done but of a similar complexity

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20
Q

What is job enrichment?

A

Giving employees more variety of takes with different complexities

21
Q

What is empowerment?

A

Where employees are given some control over their work to make decisions

22
Q

What is job enlargement?

A

Giving the employee and increased number of tasks to complete

23
Q

WHat is the chain of command?

A

It is the order of hierachy through which information is passed

24
Q

What Is a span of control?

A

This is the number of subordinates a manager is directly in control of

25
Q

What is a flat organisational structure?

A

Where there is a smaller chain of command but wider spans of control

26
Q

What Is a tall organisational structure?

A

Where the spans of control are shorter and the chain of command is longer

27
Q

Benefits/problems of a tall structure?

A

Less pressure on managers to control lots of subordinates
Managers can watch employees more closely

Things may take too long Too get down the supply chain
Workers may feel like they have no freedom due to close control

28
Q

Benefits/problems of a flat structure?

A

Smaller chain of command so messages can be passed more quickly
More freedom for workers

More pressure on managers to control lots of subordinates
May become overworked

29
Q

What is centralisation?

A

When decision making is done at the top of the hierachy

30
Q

Name some influences of centralisation/decentralisation

A

The size of the business
The managers’s style
The type and skills of the employees
What the business does

31
Q

What are some of the values of changing job/organisational design?

A

Potentially cut costs
Messages may be passed more quickly if organisational structure is flattened
Making jobs more interesting

32
Q

What is delayering?

A

The process of cutting layers of management from the organisational hierachy

33
Q

What is the HR flow?

A

The movement of people through the business, starting with recruitment

34
Q

What is HR planning?

A

This is the process that identifies the number of employees and skills needed in future

35
Q

What is a job description?

A

This tells the employee what duties and roles their job entails

36
Q

What is a person specification?

A

This sets out what kind of person the employee needs to be and what kind of skills they need to have

37
Q

WHat are some of the circumstances in which dismissal can happen?

A

Gross misconduct
Persistent minor conduct
A substantial reason
Redundancy

38
Q

What is employee engagement?

A

When an employee is committed to an organisation and what it wants to achieve

39
Q

What was Herzberg’s theory about motivation?

A

He said physiological and security needs will not motivate, but these ‘hygiene factors’ must be in place before employees can begin to be motivated

40
Q

What did Taylor say?

A

That workers are only motivated by money and should be closely supervised

41
Q

What did Maslow say about motivation?

A

That workers have a hierachy of needs that must be worked through

42
Q

What is a piece rate?

A

When workers are paid by each item they produce

43
Q

What is commission?

A

An employee is rewarded according to sales achieved

44
Q

What is performance related pay?

A

Where workers may only be paid when they meet or exceed targets

45
Q

What is a trade union?

A

An organisation that represent the interest of employees in order to protect and advance their position in the workplace

46
Q

What are the roles of a trade union?

A

Negotiate on pay conditions
Discuss major changes in the workplace such as redundancy
Provide members with legal and financial advice

47
Q

What is a works council?

A

A body composed of employees and employers to negotiate about working conditions

48
Q

What is ACAS?

A

A govn. Organistation that provides info, advice and training

Business A-level (10 decks)

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