Unit 6 Evolution Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

adaptation

A

an inherited trait that helps an organism to better survive and reproduce

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2
Q

competition

A

the struggle between
organisms to survive in a
habitat with limited resources

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3
Q

evolution

A

the gradual change in a
population over long periods
of time

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4
Q

natural selection

A

individuals that have certain inherited
traits tend to survive and reproduce at
higher rates than other individuals
because of those traits.

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5
Q

genetic variation

A

variety of characteristics
among living things

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6
Q

biogeography

A

study of past and
present geographic
distribution of
organisms

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7
Q

embryology

A

similarities in early
stages of
development which
suggests that
organisms share
common ancestry

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8
Q

Homologous structures

A

structures in different species
that are similar because of
common ancestry

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9
Q

molecular evidence

A

similarities in DNA
due to
common
ancestry

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10
Q

vestigial structures

A

remnant of a structure
that may have had an
important function in
a species’ ancestors,
but has no clear
function in the
modern species

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11
Q

fossil record

A

chronological collection of
life’s remains in sedimentary
rock layers

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12
Q

convergent evolution

A

process by which
unrelated organisms
independently evolve
similarities when
adapting to similar
environments

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13
Q

divergent evolution

A

when two or more species sharing
a common ancestor become more
different over time

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14
Q

coevolution

A

process by which two species
evolve in response to changes
in each other

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15
Q

stasis

A

when an environment is stable
and unchanging

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16
Q

species

A

a group of similar organisms that
can breed and produce fertile
offspring

17
Q

speciation

A

formation of new species

18
Q

fitness

A

the ability of an organism to
survive and reproduce in its
environment

19
Q

artificial selection

A

process in which humans choose which organisms reproduce based on certain traits

20
Q

behavioral isolation

A

population is separated because courtship behaviors or other behaviors are different

21
Q

geographic isolation

A

population separated by geographic barrier

22
Q

reproductive isolation

A

when 2 populations cannot interbred and produce fertile offspring

23
Q

temporal isolation

A

populations reproduce at different times, separating them

24
Q

theory

A

well supported by evidence, testable explanation of natural events

25
variation
difference between individuals, groups, or species
26
darwin
defined evolution as descent with modification
27
descent with modification
links all organisms to single tree of life
28
fossils
preserved remains of plants or animals whose bodies are buried
29
analogous structures
body parts that have common functions due to environment, but not common structure nor ancestry
30
survival of the fittest
states organisms best fit for their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce more
31
Malthus
stated if human population grew unchecked, there would be insufficient space and food for everyone
32
Lamarck
stated use and disuse theory of evolution
33
Hutton and Lyell
stated geological process shaping Earth today was same in past
34
gene pool
all genes of all members of a particular population
35
population
a group of individuals of the same species interbred
36
directional selection
individuals at one end of curve have higher fitness
37
stabilizing selection
individuals near center of curve have higher fitness
38
disruptive selection
upper and lower ends of curve have higher fitness
39
genetic drift
random change in allele frequency