UNIT 6 - CITIES AND URBAN LAND USE PATTERNS AND PROCESSES Flashcards
METROPOLIS
Very large and densely populated city, particularly the capital or major city of a country or region
examples - New YorK City, London, Beijing
MEGACITY
A city that consists of 10+ million people
METACITY
A city that consists of 20+ million people
SUBURBANIZATION
The process where people move, usually from cities, to residential areas on the outskirts of cities
URBAN SPRAWL
Unrestricted growth in urban areas of housing commercial development, and roads over large expense of land
DECENTRALIZATION
The process of shifting control from one main group to several smaller ones
EDGE CITIES
Economic center in the fringe of a city with an extensive amount of office and retail space, typically near a major road.
BOOMBURBS
Rapidly growing suburban city that represents a new metropolitan form
EXURBS
Prosperous residential districts beyond the suburbs.
WORLD CITIES
Large cities that exert global, economic, cultural, and political influence and make up a network of economic, social, and information flows.
Examples - London, New York, Tokyo, Paris
DISAMENITY ZONES
Locations that are typically steep, mountainous, and dangerous terrain that are not connected to city services.
SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS
Formed on the outskirts of the city in the disamenity zone.
A.K.A. “Favelas” or “Barrios”
ZONE ON IN SITU ACCRETION
Mixed-quality housing, a transitional zone from elite housing to squatter settlements.
ZONING POLICIES
Regulation about what type of development or land use can occur on a specific location
INFILLING
Redevelopment of vacant land to improve the surrounding area
INFRASTRUCTURE
Refers to the basic support systems needed to keep a society and economy running smoothly
Examples - transportation systems, power stations lines, wifi, sewage systems, schools, police and fire departments, hospitals
NEW URBANISM
Creating sustainable, human scaled places where people can live healthy and happy lives.
Examples - Mountain House, California
URBAN CANYONS
Streets lined with tall buildings can channel and intensify wind; natural sunlight is blocked by the tall buildings
URBAN HEAT ISLANDS
Concentration of buildings causes cities to be warmer
SLOW-GROWTH CITIES
Urban areas that prioritize sustainable, equitable, and people-centered development over rapid population and economic growth
GREENBELTS
An area of green space such as a park, agricultural land, or forest around an urban area intended to limit urban sprawl
Example - The High line belt in New York City
QUALITATIVE DATA
Data that involves descriptive depictions or characteristics of a research topic - often based on people’s perceptions or opinions
Examples - Narratives, personal interviews, photographs, open ended questions
QUANTITATIVE
Data that involves numbers and statistics - can be measured
Examples - census, surveys
REDLINING
Housing discrimination maintained by banks - starting in the 1930s, refusal to grant home loans in certain areas because if the ethnic or racial composition
BLOCKBUSTING
Housing discrimination maintained by real estate industry - white females were encouraged to rapidly sell when african american families moved into neighborhoods
AFFORDABILITY
Rising mortgages rates, expensive home prices, low inventory and inflation have made it more difficult for the average american family to afford a home
FOOD DESERT
Location were residents access to affordable, healthy food options (especially fruits and vegetables) is restricted or non-existent due to the absence of grocery stores within convenient traveling distance.
RISING CRIME
When people are economically and racially segregated in urban areas, crime increases. Due to lack of job opportunities, lack of resources and infrastructure, desperation and isolation, criminalization of homelessness and mental health issues (exacerbated by lack of healthcare services)
LAND TENURE
The rights of people or communities to manage (own and use) the land that they reside on
ENVIRONMENTAL INJUSTICE
Communities of color and the poor are more likely to be exposed to environmental burdens such as air and water pollution
LOCAL FOOD MOVEMENTS
Using city-owned land or abandoned areas to plant community, urban gardens to provide fresh unit and vegetables to people living in food deserts
URBAN RENEWAL
The process of seizing and demolishing larger swaths of private and public property for the purpose of modernizing and improving aging infrastructure.
GENTRIFICATION
Process whereby the character of a neighborhood changes through the influx of more affluent residents and investments.
ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT
Uses land as currency to measure how fast we consume resources and generate waste compared to how fast nature can absorb our waste and generate new resources.
SANITATION
Across the world, sanitation issues as open defecation and lack of sewage systems prevent cities from having access to healthy water.
BROWNFIELD
Large, abandoned industrial sites in central cities and suburbs, due to the shift from manufacturing to service-based economies. Typically unsafe and polluted.
