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Microbiology Final Lecture Exam > Unit 6- Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Unit 6- Chapter 14 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the study of disease

A

pathology

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2
Q

the cause of disease

A

Etiology

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3
Q

the development of a disease

A

pathogenesis

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4
Q

invasion or colonization of the body by pathogens

A

infection

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5
Q

an abnormal state in which the body is not performing normal functions

A

disease

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6
Q

Transient microbiota

A

may be present for days, weeks, or months

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7
Q

Normal microbiota

A

permanently colonize the host nd do not cause disease under normal conditions

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8
Q

What factors determine colonization for normal microbiota?

A
  • nutrients
  • physical/mechanical factors (pH, Temp)
  • host defense
  • mechanical factors (adhesion, flagella)
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9
Q

Microbial antagonism (competitive exclusion)

A

is a competition between microbes

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10
Q

Normal microbiota protect the host from by:

A
  • competing for nutrients
  • producing substances harmful to invading microbes
  • Affecting pH and available oxygen
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11
Q

Symbiosis

A

is the relationship between normal microbiota and the host

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12
Q

When one organisms benefits, and the other is unaffected

A

commensalism

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13
Q

both organisms benefit

A

mutualism

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14
Q

one organism benefits at the expense of the other

A

parasitism

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15
Q

slide 6

A

commensalism, mutualism, parasitism

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16
Q

opportunistic

A

a microorganism that causes disease in a host when the immune defenses are disrupted - may be part of the normal microbiota

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17
Q

what procedure is used to identify a pathogen?

A

kochs postulate

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18
Q

when does Koch’s postulates not work?

A

When the pathogen

  • can not be cultured
  • is specific to humans
  • can cause multiple diseases
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19
Q

changes in body function that are felt by a patient as a result of disease

A

symptoms

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20
Q

changes in a body that can be measured or observed as a result of disease

A

signs

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21
Q

a specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany a disease

A

syndrome

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22
Q

a disease that is spread from one host to another

A

communicable

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23
Q

diseases that are easily and rapidly spread from one host to another

A

contagious

24
Q

a disease that is not spread from one host to another

A

noncommunicable

25
Q

incidence

A

number of people who develop a disease during a particular time period

26
Q

prevalence- takes into account new and old cases

A

number of people who develop a disease at a specified time, regardless of when it first appeared

27
Q

sporadic disease

A

disease that occurs only occasionally

28
Q

endemic disease

A

disease constantly present in a population

29
Q

epidemic disease

A

disease acquired by many people in a given area in a short time

30
Q

pandemic disease

A

worldwide epidemic

31
Q

slide 12

A

endemic/sporadic/ epidemic/ pandemic

32
Q

symptoms develop rapidly but the disease lasts only a short time

A

acute disease

33
Q

symptoms develop slowly

A

chronic disease

34
Q

intermediate between acute and chronic

A

subacute

35
Q

causative agent is inactive for a time but then activates and produces symptoms

A

Latent

36
Q

immunity in most of a population

A

herd

37
Q

local infection

A

pathogens are limited to a small area of the body

38
Q

systemic infection

A

an infection throughout the body

39
Q

focal infection

A

systemic infection that began as a local infection

40
Q

toxic inflammatory condition arising from the spread of microbes, especially bacteria or their toxins, from a focus of infection

A

sepsis

41
Q

bacteria in the blood

A

bacteremia

42
Q

also known as blood poisoning; growth of bacteria in the blood.

A

septicemia

43
Q

toxemia

A

toxins in the blood

44
Q

viremia

A

viruses in the blood

45
Q

primary infection

A

acute infection that causes the initial illness

46
Q

secondary infection

A

opportunistic infection after a primary (predisposing) infection

47
Q

subclinical disease

A

no noticeable signs or symptoms (inapparent infection)

48
Q

interval between initial infection and first signs and symptoms

A

incubation period

49
Q

prodromal period

A

short period after incubation; early, mild symptoms

50
Q

disease is most severe

A

period of illness

51
Q

signs and symptoms subside

A

period of decline

52
Q

body returns to its prediseased state

A

Period of Convalescence

53
Q

Human reservoirs

A

Carriers may have inapparent infections or latent diseases

54
Q

Animal reservoirs

A

Zoonoses are diseases transmitted from animals to humans

55
Q

Nonliving reservoirs

A

soil and water

Microbiology Final Lecture Exam (1 decks)

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