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Biology > Unit 6 Biological Evolution > Flashcards

Unit 6 Biological Evolution Flashcards

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1
Q

any trait that can be passed on to subsequent generations that increases the organism’s ability to survive in its environment and reproduce more often

A

adaptation

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2
Q

when organisms living in the same community use the same limited resources, but those resources are not enough to fill the needs of every individual organism

A

competition

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3
Q

competition between two or more individuals of the same species

A

intraspecific competition

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4
Q

competition between two or more individuals of different species

A

interspecific competition

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5
Q

competition between two or more individuals where the individuals fight one another for the same resource

A

direct competition

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6
Q

competition between two or more individuals where the individuals use the same resource but do not interact with each other directly

A

indirect competition

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7
Q

how well an individual survives and produces offspring in its environment

A

fitness

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8
Q

the process that results in an organism having favorable adaptations to its environment, which are passed on through reproduction, thus changing the genetic makeup of future generations

A

natural selection

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9
Q

the competition for vital resources between members of a population

A

struggle for existence

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10
Q

the transfer of genes from one population to another due to the migration of individuals into or out of a population

A

gene flow

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11
Q

an exchange of DNA having the same genes between homologous chromosomes that results in new combinations of alleles from multiple genes on the same chromosome.

A

genetic recombination

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12
Q

a change in genetic information caused by a change in the sequence of DNA

A

mutation

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13
Q

chromosomes that have undergone genetic recombination and have new combinations of alleles

A

recombinant chromosomes

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14
Q

a type of reproduction which requires two individuals to exchange genetic material

A

sexual reproduction

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15
Q

a process by which one species outcompetes another species trying to use the same resources in the same environment, reducing the number of individuals of the other species present in that environment

A

competitive exclusion

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16
Q

many individuals of the same species that live in the same area

A

population

17
Q

when two or more species divide up a resource so they can both coexist in the same environment without having to use the same resources to survive

A

resource partitioning

18
Q

a phrase with the same meaning as natural selection

A

survival of the fittest

19
Q

change in the genetic makeup of a population over time

A

evolution

20
Q

a system or process that produces a given result

A

mechanism

21
Q

an individual’s ability to survive and produce offspring that are viable, fertile, and successful

A

reproductive success

22
Q

evolution caused by random events

A

genetic drift

23
Q

a process in evolution, like natural selection or artificial selection, in which only certain individuals reproduce and pass on their DNA to the next generation

A

selection

24
Q

a process of selection in which individuals will only mate with certain individuals based on their characteristics

A

selective mating

25
Q

inability of members of a population to interbreed successfully with other members of the population, due to separation caused by geographic, behavioral, genetic, or other barriers

A

reproductive isolation

26
Q

a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

A

species

27
Q

formation of new and distinct species as a result of evolution

A

speciation

28
Q

behavior exhibited by individuals within a group that potentially reduces the fitness of that individual but enhances the fitness of other members of the group

A

altruistic behavior

29
Q

a large-scale dying off of a vast number of species in relatively short geological time

A

mass extinction

Biology (2 decks)

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