Unit 6 Agriculture Flashcards
agriculture
the use of land for the domestication of plants and animals
agricultural hearths
The origins of agriculture. The locations that it began and started to spread
columbian exchange
The diffusion of plants, culture, technology, and populations between the Americas and the Old World
agricultural reigons
An area where the practice of agriculture can be done. Normally areas of fertile soils, steady climates, and access to water
domestication
The controlled raising of crops and livestock to eventually be sold or consumed.
terracing
Making a slope landscape a series of flat steps for farming to be more conventional at these locations
irrigation
The moving of water from a source to an agricultural region that is far away
deforrestation
The removal of forests, and trees to make space for farmland
desertification
When arable land is turned into land that cannot be used for farming due to poor management, harsh climate, or slash and burn
draining wetlands
Method of farming that removes water from wetlands in order to use the fertile soil for farming
first agricultural revolution/neolithic
Dating back 10,000 years, the First Agricultural Revolution achieved plant and animal domestication; transformed societies from hunting and gathering to farming
second agricultural revolution
accompanied the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain in the 18th century
mechanization of agricultural production, advances in transportation, development of large-scale irrigation, changes to consumption patterns of agricultural goods, invention of steel plough and mechanized harvesting
third agricultural revolution (green revolution)
hybridization and genetic engineering of products and the increased use of pesticides and fertilizers.
high yeild seeds
Seeds whose plants grow to be very large and produce high yields
mechanized farming
The use of machines and vehicles to make the farming process more efficient
pesticides
Substances used to eliminate pests and preserve yields
fertilized
Substances used to allow plants to grow faster and larger
commertial farming
Farming where the products are grown or raised in large amounts so they can be sold for profit
subsistence farming
Farming where the products are used to support a community or an individual
global supply chain
Worldwide network where a company buys goods or services overseas
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)
Living systems and organisms that have their genome altered intentionally and directly
organic farming
Farming that does not use synthetic or artificial substances
fair trade
Arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries be able to sell their product for a fair price
food desert
An area that has limited access to nutritious, affordable food
