Unit 6 - Age of Imperialism & Colonialism Flashcards
What is the Methodology of Imperialism/Colonialism?
- Indirect Rule
-Assimilation
-Corvee System
Who was Cecil Rhodes?
- Made Fortune in Diamond Industry
- Founded De Beers Diamonds
- Founded Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)
- Wanted to build British “Cape Town to Cairo” Railroad
What were persistent problems that plague some African nations?
- Flag Independence
- Rouge Regimes
- Desertification
- Famine/”kwashiorkor”
-Tsetse Fly
Who was Mohammed Jinnah?
He wanted to separate India to separate Hindu and Muslim
What was Mohammedans Gandhi and the I.N.C?
Nationalist movement for India to self rule
Define Sepoy
Indian soldiers fighting for the British
Who were the combatants in the Taiping Rebellion?
- Taiping Chinese Christian Rebels
VS.
-Quing dynasty
What were the goals of the Taiping Rebellion?
- Social Reform
- end foot-binding
- land re-distribution
- replace Buddhism and Confucianism with Christianity
What was the Taiping Rebellion?
Rebellion led by Chinese Christian (Hong Xiuquan)
What were the 4 reasons that led to the downfall of the Quing/Manchu dynasty?
- Opium Wars
- Taiping Rebellion
- Sino-Japanese War
- Boxer Rebellion
What did the Treaty of Nanking force China to do?
- Give Hong Kong to Britain
- Pay for war damages
- Open 4 port cities to foreign trade with low tariffs
- Extraterritoriality
What is the Opium Wars?
British sell Opium (drug) to Chinese to make them addicted and end the trade imbalance
Who was Lin Zexu?
Wrote to Queen Victoria begging her to end Opium traffic in China
Who colonized Indo-China and what colonies were apart of it?
- France
- Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam
What were motivating factors for colonizing Africa?
- White Mans Burden
- Religion
What was the purpose of the White Mans Burden?
To bring cultures together to civilizations in Britain
How do the French control colonies?
With Assimilation
(the mixing of colonies with French culture)
How do the British control colonies?
With Indirect Rule
(ruling behind the scenes so the people don’t know)
What is Imperialism/Colonialism?
Domination of political, social, and economic life of one “weaker” region by a stronger industrialized nation
When and where did industrialized nations colonize?
- Africa and Asia
- During the 18th-20th centuries
What are reasons and causes for colonizing Africa?
- Resources for industrial nations to a race for colonies
- White Mans Burden and Social Darwinism
- Dr. Livingstone
- Christian Missionary Efforts
- King Leopold 2 stranglehold on Congo
Define Colonies
Territory settled and ruled by people from another land
Define Protectorates
A country with its own government but under the control of a stronger outside power
Define Spheres of Influence
Area which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges and other nations agree to respect the agreement
Why did they colonize Africa?
- It was a “Dark Continent” because it was mysterious and not known
-existed to pacify the “sweet tooth” of the Europenas
What was the Corvee system in Portugal/Belgium
The most intolerant, brutal, and violent system as colonized people were beaten into submission with chains and clubs
Who is Henry Stanley?
- Found Livingstone
- Became a hero
- Wrote book about finding Livingstone
What country did King Leopold 2 nearly destroy?
Belgium
Why was the Berlin Conference Held?
- King Leopold claims Congo
- British had claimed Egypt
- Eastern Question
What were Gandhi’s Tactics?
- Passive Resistance
- Non-Violent Protests
- Boycott
- Hunger Strikes
How did Gandhi’s tactics inspire future generations?
Not Fighting Back
(Rosa Parks and MLK)
Define Levant
Sunrise on the East of Africa
Define Sahel
Transition zone from desert to forest
Define Mahgreb
Sunset on the West of Africa
What was the Tipo TIger?
Represents British dying to Indians
What is the Partition of India?
After independence it separated India and Pakistan
What is the Sepoy Mutiny?
Hindu/Muslims rebelled because of new cartridges greased with cow and pig fat
What is the Meaning behind: The sun never sets on the British Empire?
The British empire is so big around the world
What was the British solution to trade imbalance
Give Opium to China to get them addicted`
Define Trade Imbalance
When one colony doesn’t want goods from another country but the other country wants goods from the colony
Why did the Opium Trade Begin?
Trade Imbalance
Define Kowtow
Bowing down to someone of power
How does “New” imperialism different from “old” imperialism?
Old: God Gold and Glory
New: industrialism and resources for colonies
Who is John Bull?
- Fat guy in Cartoons
- Uncle Sam of British Empire
Major players in age of Imperialism?
Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Belgium
Who was King Leopold 2 and what did he want?
- King of Belgium
- Rubber and Ivory form Congo
Who is Dr. Livingstone?
Wrote about his missionaries in the newspaper and then went missing and was found deathly ill
Define Dominions
English colonies
What would Europeans extract from Africa?
Gold, Ivory, tea, slaves, cocoa, diamond, and cotton
What was the Ivory/Rubber Quota?
If you don’t meet the quota your hands get chopped off
What are the Dutch also known as?
- Africaners
- Boers
Who hosted the Berlin Conference?
Bismark
What is the British Raj?
East India Co. In and Crown Out
Who does the lion represent?
The British
Who does the Tiger represent?
India
What was the Scramble for Africa?
Everyone wanted land in Africa so they divided it amongst the nations
What was the result of the Berlin Conference?
- End of Congress of Vienna’s Concert of Europe
- Scramble for Africa
What was the motivation/causation of Imperialism-Colonialism?
- Industrial Resources
- White Mans Burden
- Religious Proselytizing
