Unit 6 Flashcards
What was the geographic and historical context for the founding of the Ottoman Empire?
Founded by Osman the first
- was very interconnected: had access to the silk road, Med. Sea complex, and Trans-Saharan Trade routes
- was located around the Med. Sea covering parts of Africa, Asia, and Europe
What was the ethnic and religious composition of the Ottoman empire?
Muslims, Christians, and Jews
what was the set religion of the Ottoman Empire?
Islam, but they were religiously tolerant so you were able to practice any religion freely. However if you converted to Islam you gained more rights
How did the Ottoman Empire, as led by Suleiman the Magnificent, gain, consolidate, and maintain power?
Gained: Conquest (mainly the conquest of Constantinople), diplomacy, trade, religious freedom (gained followers)
Maintained: fortified Constantinople and Strengthened Military
Consolidated: legal codes, created schools, and provided protection against a corrupt government
What do primary sources reveal about how outsiders viewed the Ottomans?
Turkish letters shed a positive light on the Ottomans, speaking very highly of them and their morals and of how sophisticated and fair the Ottomans were. Their military (great motivation & organization) and social structure (social mobility) of the empire and superior and compared to Europe.
What was the historical context for the founding of the Ming Dynasty?
Founded by Emperor Hong Wu, who defeated the Mongols
- located in China, South of the Mongolian Steppe which allowed for easier expansion, trade, and travel. However, were not able to expand as much west towards India because of the Himalayas (this also gave them protection)
- Had access to Indian Ocean Complex and the Silk Road
How did the Ming Dynasty gain, consolidate, and maintain power?
Gained: conquest, took over the capital city
Maintained: built walls around the dynasty, Jinyiwe
Consolidate: reinforced Mandate of Heaven
What impact did Neo-confucianism have on the Ming and Qing China?
Changed women’s status giving them fewer rights well reemphasizing male dominance, provided social mobility through exams, promoted filial piety, promoted the importance to create harmony within society
describe the beliefs of Neo-Confucianism including what beliefs came from Buddhism, Daoism, and Confucianism.
Confucianism: Filial Piety, Peace, and Harmony w/in Societ, 5 relationships
Buddhism: Idea that you need to participate in community and improve yourself
Daoism: Li + Qi- existence of life and peace and harmony with nature
Who was Zheng He? What impact did he have on China and other regions?
Chinese explorer sent out by Yongle Emporer Zhu Di, to establish far-reaching trade routes, collect taxes from distant territories that none had ventured before, and demonstrate the power of the Chinese Empire.
-he was able to do all of this while also forming diplomatic relations with many of the places he traveled to (India, Arabian Penninsula, Around the Horn of Africa…) , he also brought back many exotic animals like Girrafes and Camels
How did the Ming dynasty interact with European traders and Christian missionaries?
Before Zheg He’s death: Welcomed forginers like Marco Polo and were intrested in exploration themself. Zheg He traveled leading many fleets
After: they became isolated for a very long time and empereors tried to to suppress Christian activities to return to Chinese culture.
millet
an ottoman turkish term for a legally protected religious minority
janissaries
a member of an elite forces of soldiers in the ottoman empire
sultan
the word for “ruler” in many Arab societies including the Ottoman empire
filial piety
respect for one’s parents, elders, and ancestors
