Unit 6

Question 0

Civil rights

Answer 0

Protection against discrimination

Question 1

Civil liberties

Answer 1

Personal freedoms e.g. Speech, assembly, religion

Question 2

Clear and present danger doctrine

Answer 2

Judicial interpretation of amendment 1 that government may not ban speech unless such speech poses an imminent threat to society.

Question 3

De facto segregation

Answer 3

Segregation “by fact” I.e. segregation that results from such factors as housing patterns rather than law

Question 4

De jure segregation

Answer 4

Segregation by law I.e. segregation that is required by government

Question 5

Double jeopardy

Answer 5

Being prosecuted twice for the same offense. Banned by amendment 5

Question 6

Due process clause

Answer 6

Prohibits the national government and states from denying life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

Question 7

Equal protection clause

Answer 7

14th amendment clause that prohibits states from denying protection under the law , and has been used to combat discrimination.

Question 8

Eminent domain

Answer 8

The right of government to take private property for the public good. Fair compensation must be paid to the owner of such property

Question 9

Establishment clause

Answer 9

Provision of amendment 1 that prohibits congress from establishing an official state religion. This is the basis for separation of church and state

Question 10

Exclusionary rule

Answer 10

Supreme Court guideline that excludes the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial

Question 11

Free exercise clause

Answer 11

Provision of Amendment 1 stating that congress may not prohibit the free exercise of religion

Question 12

Grandfather clause

Answer 12

Souther laws that excluded blacks from exercising suffrage. By restricting the right to vote only to those whose grandfathers had voted before 1865

Question 13

Grand jury

Answer 13

Determines whether or not to bring criminal charges against a suspect

Question 14

Incorporation

Answer 14

Applying the bill of rights to the states. A total incorporation view is they the states must obey all provisions if the bill of rights because of the due process clause

Question 15

Indictment

Answer 15

Grand jury order that a suspect stand trial for a criminal offense

Question 16

Jim Crow laws

Answer 16

Southern laws that required racial in places of public accommodations

Question 17

Libel

Answer 17

Written untruths that damage a reputation

Question 18

Literacy test

Answer 18

Southern method if excluding blacks from exercising suffrage by requiring that voters prove their ability to read and write

Question 19

Miranda warnings

Answer 19

Warnings that must be read to suspects prior to questioning suspects must be advised that they have the right of silence and counsel

Question 20

Plea bargain

Answer 20

Arrangement in which a suspect pleads guilty to a lesser offense in order to Avoid trial. The manner in which most cases are disposed of

Question 21

Police powers

Answer 21

Powers that slow states to pass laws protecting the health welfare safety and morals of their residents

Question 22

Poll tax

Answer 22

Southern method of excluding blacks from exercising suffrage by requiring payment of a tax prior to voting

Question 23

Prior restraint

Answer 23

When a court stops expression before it is made. E.g. Prohibiting a demonstration by a radical group because the assembly is likely to become violent. Presumed to be unconstitutional

Question 24

Racial Gerrymandering

Answer 24

Drawing of legislative boundaries to give electoral advantages to a particular racial group .

Question 25

Sedition

Answer 25

Advocacy of the overthrow of the government

Question 26

Separate but equal

Answer 26

Supreme Court doctoring that established in the case of plessy V Ferguson. Allowed state required racial segregation in places of public accommodation as long as the facilities were equal

Question 27

Shield laws

Answer 27

State laws that protect journalists from having to reveal their sources

Question 28

Slander

Answer 28

Spoken untruths that damage a reputation

Question 29

Strict security

Answer 29

Supreme Court guideline for determining if government can make racial distinctions.

Question 30

White primary

Answer 30

Primary election in which Southern states only allows whites to vote