Unit 6

Question 1

DNA replication

Answer 1

Process of duplicating DNA, ensuring gen info is accurlety transmitted during cell division

Question 2

Helicase

Answer 2

Enzyme responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication

Question 3

DNA Polymerace

Answer 3

Enzyme involved in synthesizing a complementary strand of DNA during replication

Question 4

RNA Primer

Answer 4

Short RNA sequence that provides a starting point for DNA synthesis during replication

Question 5

Ligase

Answer 5

Enzymes that join Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication

Question 6

Leading Strand

Answer 6

The continuous strand is synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction during DNA replication

Question 7

Lagging Strand

Answer 7

The strand synthesized in fragments in the 5’ to 3’ direction

Question 8

Replication Fork

Answer 8

The Y-shaped point where DNA strands are separated during replication

Question 9

Okazaki Fragments

Answer 9

Short, newly synthesized DNA fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication

Question 10

Semi-Conservative

Answer 10

DNA replication process where each new DNA molecule consists of one original and one newly synthesized strand

Question 11

mRNA

Answer 11

carries the genetic info in the gene expression

Question 12

tRNA

Answer 12

brings amino acids to the ribosomes according to the mRNA code

Question 13

rRNA

Answer 13

forms the core of the ribosomes and carakyzes the formation of the peptide bonds

Question 14

Transcription

Answer 14

process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA teplate

Question 15

Goal of Transcription

Answer 15

complementary RNA molecule to the DNA template

Question 16

Promoter (sequence) vs. Termination (sequence)

Answer 16

Regions in DNA that initiate and terminate transcription, repectivly

Question 17

RNA Polymerase

Answer 17

Enzyme responsible for RNA synthesis during transcrpition

Question 18

Initiation

Answer 18

The beginning phase of transcription where RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region

Question 19

Elongation

Answer 19

The stage in transcription where RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA along the DNA template

Question 20

Termination

Answer 20

The concluding phase of transcription leading to the release of the newly formed RNA molecule

Question 21

Splicing

Answer 21

The removal of introns and joining of exons in RNA processing

Question 22

Exons vs. Introns

Answer 22

Distinction between coding and non-coding regions of RNA

Question 23

Spliceosomes

Answer 23

Complexes of RNA and protein that remove introns during RNA splicing

Question 24

MG Cap

Answer 24

The modification of the 5’ end of mRNA typically involving the addition of a methyl-guanosine cap

Question 25

Poly-A-Tail

Answer 25

The addition of polyadenine tail to the 3' end of mRNA during RNA processing

Question 26

Translation

Answer 26

The process where mRNA is used to synthesize a corresponding protein

Question 27

mRNA and tRNA roles in translation

Answer 27

mRNA carries gen code and tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome

Question 28

Ribosomes

Answer 28

Cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs, essential for cellular functions

Question 29

Condon vs Anti-Condon

Answer 29

sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA (codon) and tRNA (anticodon), which correspond during translation

Question 30

Binding sites in a Ribosome

Answer 30

At the A site, tRNA carries an amino acid into the ribosome, at the P site, the anticodon attaches to the mRNA and grows the polypeptide chain, and at the E site, the empty tRNA leaves the ribosome

Question 31

Steps of Translation

Answer 31

Initiation, elongation, and termination

Question 32

Missense Mutation

Answer 32

Changes one of the nucleotide resulting in a different amino acid

Question 33

Nonsense Mutation

Answer 33

Changes one of the nucleotides which results in a premature stop codon

Question 34

Silent Mutation

Answer 34

There is a change in the nucleotide but no change in the amino acid

Question 35

Frameshift

Answer 35

The insertion or deletion of a nucleotide