Unit 6 Flashcards
Milestone
A skill or task that more children can do by a certain age.
Infant
A child under 1 year old.
Toddler
A child between the ages of 1-3.
Preschooler
A child between the ages of 3-5.
School-age
A child between the ages of 6-12.
Adolescent
A child between the ages of 13-17.
Physical Development
The growth and refinement of the body, including the brain, muscles, and motor skills.
Motor skills
The use of small or large muscles groups that allow one to use and move various parts of their body in specific ways, like walking of painting.
Fine motor skills
Fine motor skills use small muscle groups in the hands and face, like writing or eating.
Gross motor skills
Gross motor skills use large muscle groups throughout the body, like throwing a ball, running, or sitting up.
Cognitive Development
The process of developing the ability to think and reason.
Jean Piaget
The theorist who created Cognitive Development Theory.
Sensory
The process of using the sense to learn about the world and development motor and behavioral responses.
Sensorimotor
First stage of cognitive development where infants learn through senses and motor skills. Object permanence develops.
Preoperational
Second stage of cognitive development occurring before logic. Children use symbols and language. Egocentric thinking dominates.
Egocentric
Thinking of only oneself, without regard for the feelings or desires of others; self-centered.
Concrete Operational
Third stage of cognitive development when logical thinking about concrete objects develops. Conservation is understood.
Concrete
Relating to physical things that can be seen, touched, or experienced.
Conservation
The ability to understand that the amount of something remains the same even if its appearance changes.
Formal operational
Final stage of cognitive development when abstract reasoning and hypothetical thinking emerge.
Catalog
The process of organizing objects and events into groups. It’s a fundamental cognitive skill that helps children learn about the world around them.
Object permanence
When you know an object or person still exists even when they are hidden, and you can’t see or hear them.
Social Development
The process of learning self-expression, to get along and interact with others, and moving from being a self-centered individual to being able to relate with others.
Erik Erikson
The theorist who created the Psychosocial Development Theory.
Trust
An infant learns to rely on their caregivers to consistently meet their needs, developing a basic sense of security.
Mistrust
When an infant develops a lack of confidence in their caregivers’ ability to meet their needs, usually arising when caregivers are inconsistent or fail to provide adequate care.
Autonomy
The will to accomplish things independently and do things on their own.
Doubt
The lack of confidence in oneself and one’s abilities.
Shame
A feeling of self-consciousness that can occur when a child feels dishonorable about themselves or their actions.
Initiative
A child’s desire to explore, experiment, and take action on their own.
Guilt
A child’s self-doubt and belief that their actions are wrong or harmful; occurs when a child feels overly restricted from exploring and talking initiative, often due to excessive criticism or control from caregivers.
Mildred Parten
The theorist who developed the theory of the Six Stages of Play.
Unoccupied play
Random movements with no clear purpose. Often sensory play.
Solitary play
Playing alone, unaware of others.
Onlooker play
Watching others play without joining in.
Parallel play
Play besides others without interaction.
Associative play
Playing with others without organization.
Cooperative play
Organized play with shared goals.
Emotional development
The process of learning to recognize and express feelings and to establish a unique personal identity.
Moral development
The process of learning right from wrong.
Stimulation
Providing a child with enriching experiences and activities that actively engage their senses and courage their development across various areas, often through play.
Modeling
Demonstrating a skill or behavior
Interrelated
Connected to each other.
