Unit 6

Question 1

Double jeopardy

Answer 1

The Double Jeopardy Clause in the Fifth Amendment to the US Constitution prohibits anyone from being prosecuted twice for substantially the same crime.

Question 2

judicial review

Answer 2

to determine the legitimacy of the acts of the executive and the legislative branches of government.

Question 3

Trial by jury

Answer 3

A trial that is decided by a jury

Question 4

Due process

Answer 4

fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen’s entitlement.

Question 5

Original Jurisdiction

Answer 5

the Supreme Court is the first, and only, Court to hear a case

Question 6

Appellate Jurisdiction

Answer 6

The court has the authority to review the decisions of lower courts. Most of the cases the Supreme Court hears are appeals from lower courts.

Question 7

Mapp v Ohio

Answer 7

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in a 5-3 vote in favor of Mapp. The high court said evidence seized unlawfully, without a search warrant, could not be used in criminal prosecutions in state courts.

Question 8

Gideon v Wainwright

Answer 8

In a unanimous decision, the Supreme Court established that the Fourteenth Amendment creates a right for criminal defendants who cannot pay for their own lawyers to have the state appoint attorneys on their behalf.

Question 9

Miranda v Arizona

Answer 9

In a 5-4 Supreme Court decision Miranda v. Arizona (1966) ruled that an arrested individual is entitled to rights against self-incrimination and to an attorney under the 5th and 6th Amendments of the United States Constitution

Question 10

Marbury v Madison

Answer 10

The U.S. Supreme Court first declared an act of Congress unconstitutional, thus establishing the doctrine of judicial review.

Question 11

Which court system deals with the Constitution and federal laws?

Answer 11

Federal Courts

Question 12

What rights are protected through due process?

Answer 12

protect citizens from actions taken by state government, counties, towns, and cities.

Question 13

Who nominates Supreme Court, federal, and district court Justices? Who approves this nomination?

Answer 13

The U.S. Supreme Court, federal judges, and district court justices are nominated by the president and confirmed by the U.S. Senate.

Question 14

Why is it important that justices serve life terms?

Answer 14

By design, this insulates them from the temporary passions of the public and allows them to apply the law with only justice in mind, and not electoral or political concerns.

Question 15

1st

Answer 15

freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.

Question 16

4th

Answer 16

protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government.

Question 17

5th

Answer 17

the right to a jury trial when you’re charged with a crime, protection against double jeopardy, protection against self-incrimination, the right to a fair trial, and protection against the taking of property by the government without compensation.

Question 18

6th

Answer 18

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed

Question 19

14th

Answer 19

the Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship to all persons “born or naturalized in the United States,” including formerly enslaved people, and provided all citizens with “equal protection under the laws”

Question 20

What was the original purpose for the Bill of Rights?

Answer 20

The American people wanted strong guarantees that the new government would not trample upon their newly won freedoms of speech, press, and religion, nor upon their right to be free from warrantless searches and seizures.