Unit 6 Flashcards
State 2 things the employer and employee should do according to the H&S at work act.
Employers should ensure
Workplace is safe and free from risks
First aid provided
Training and information are provided
PPE is provided
Machinery have guards
Appropriate signs in place
Accident reporting in place RIDDOR
Employee should
Take reasonable care for their own and others health and safety
Use provided PPE correctly
Use machinery correctly - as they were trained
Report accidents
Who is the regulatory body for the Health and Safety at work act?
The health and safety executive
RIDDOR is a legislation to ensure workplaces record all accidents and deaths.
State 2 other regulations/ legislations that my be followed in the workplace.
Control of substances hazardous to health regulations - COSHH 2002
Health and safety at work at 1974
PPE
The consumer protection act 1987 is an example of legislation put in place to protect consumers
State other pieces of legislation to protect consumers.
Consumer rights act 2015
Trade description act 1968
Sale and supply of goods act 1994
Consumer credit act 1974
Explain the benefits of Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) to the designer and manufacturer when producing products such as an adjustable office chair.
Points could include:
Designer
• Faster responsiveness to the market. Improved product development cycles, high levels of human and capital resource productivity, improved quality, and short delivery time, lead CIM users to a rapid response to the market place. [1]
• Quality improvements. CIM supports customer satisfaction resulting from the elimination of waste from the design, engineering and production cycle. [1]
• Easy to communicate design drawings to automated manufacturing processes [1].
Manufacturer
• Cost reduction. Better use of capital resources through work automation results in higher productivity and lower cost. The automation of the entire production process shifts management’s emphasis from supervising people to supervising machines. [1]
• Greater production control. Company’s efficiency increases through work simplification and automation, better production schedules planning and better balancing of production workload to production capacity. [1]
• Reduced Inventory. Reduced investment in production inventories and facilities through work simplification, and just in time inventory policies. [1]
• Small lot manufacturing. CIM is based on small lot sizes and offers greater variety of products. [1]
State the 5 steps of a risk assessment
- Identify the hazards
- Decide who might be harmed and how
- Evaluate the risks and decide on the precautions
- Record your findings and implement them
- Review your assessment and update if necessary
Describe and justify four ways in which risks can be reduced when using a pillar drill.
Do not award marks if the candidate has only identified risk or control measure, both must be discussed/justified.
• Goggles can be worn to protect against dust and flying objects. [1]
• Long hair tied back and loose clothing secured to avoid entanglement [1]
• Dangling jewellery to be removed and gloves or bandages should not be worn to avoid
entanglement [1]
• Check that the chuck key has been removed prior to starting the machine and after the
work is completed. If it is left in it will be ejected when the machine starts. [1]
• Work pieces should be clamped and secure when the machine is operating to avoid
work ‘spinning out’. [1]
• Appropriate safety zone should be in operation to avoid third parties accidently pushing
the user operating the machine causing harm by entanglement [1]
• Suitable footwear should be worn to protect the operator from falling work pieces and to
make sure that they do not slip while using the machine. [1]
• Swarf must be removed using a tool to avoid cutting the operators hand. [1]
• All users should be safety certificated to avoid an accident by misuse. [1]
What is User Centred Design
User-centred design’ is an iterative design process in which designers focus on the users and their needs in each phase of the design process. In this, design teams involve users throughout the design process via a variety of research and design techniques, to create highly usable and accessible products for them’.
State 3 methods of renewable energy.
Wind
Hydro
Solar
Wave
Tidal
Geothermal
biomass
Analyse the benefits and limitations of renewable energy.
+ves
Sustainable and will never run out
Generally requires less maintenance
Fuel from natural resources reduced operational costs
Little or no waste - minimal environmental impact
Can bring employment through new projects
-ves
Can be difficult to generate large quantities to meet fossil fuel demands- more facilities need to be built
Often relies on weather- unreliable / inconsistent
Cannot be stored in large quantities
More expensive than fossil fuels - cost of new technologies
Explain designing for maintenance and give an example of a product that has been designed for maintenance
Electronic products capable of having software updates to fix bugs
• Designed using common fixtures and fittings so the user can easily source
replacements
• Make parts of the product that are likely to wear and tear easy to remove from the
main product and replace. Effective design leading to intuitive fixing means consumers feel more confident fixing products rather than buying new. An example of this is the Dyson vacuum where colour coding is used to identify fixings that can be removed by the user without the use of specialist tools.
• Modular design using sealed units that can be ‘clicked’ together
• Reduced number of fixings and simpler design so it is easier to maintain
• Make it easy for the user to quickly identify faulty parts to ease with diagnosis
• Make it easy to source and order replacement parts
• Products may use industry standard fixings, or brand specific fixings that are the same
across the product range, this will ensure replacement parts can be made available
even if the product model is no longer in production
• Provision of maintenance guides for reference by the user. These can take any form
from paper copy through to YouTube tutorials.
• Some companies offer cash-back for old products which means they are able to
disassemble and recycle the materials
• Manufacturers are choosing stronger, more durable materials that are less likely to
break
How can a product designer design for sustainability?
Sourcing materials - local supplier - reduced transportation and emissions
Or sustainability managed Forrest’s etc
Waste generated- designing the f]product to allow for least waste when manufacturing and cutting raw materials.
Also consider energy consumption as waste.
Adhesives and finishes considered to ensure product can be recycled/ disposed of safely without harm
Consider using recycled materials
Analyse the environmental factors that would need to be considered when deciding on the material(s) to use in the design of a disposable drinks container.
Environmental
Able to be recycled to protect our environment and reduce the waste sent to landfill sites;
From managed resources, or even better, use recycled materials by using managed or recycled sources; a need to manage our natural depleting raw materials;
Disposable drinks containers are often just sent to landfill sites which is an issue in itself, but also many containers will produce unwanted chemicals when they decompose and these will leech into the ground;
Disposable cups could be manufactured from biodegradable materials. Biodegradable materials come from plant matter, which will not be harmful to the environment, presently the cost of natural biodegradable materials is high both in a raw state and to manufacture which should not put off manufacturers but it does.
What is planned obsolescence?
Planned obsolescence or built-in obsolescence in design is a concept of planning or designing a product with a limited useful life, so it will become obsolete or of no use, unfashionable or no longer functional after a certain period of time.
Planned obsolescence has potential advantages for a producer because the consumer is under pressure to purchase again, whether from the same manufacturer (a replacement part or a newer model), or from a competitor which might also rely on planned obsolescence.
For an industry, planned obsolescence encourages demand by encouraging purchasers to buy sooner if they still want a functioning product before the original product breaks down.
Discuss a product that has been designed with obsolescence in mind and explain why the designer has chosen to do this.
Apple products - apps breakdown, parts are difficult to replace.
Planned obsolescence has potential advantages for a producer because the consumer is under pressure to purchase again, whether from the same manufacturer (a replacement part or a newer model), or from a competitor which might also rely on planned obsolescence.
