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Gov > Unit 5A Vocabulary - Chapters 15, 16, 17 > Flashcards

Unit 5A Vocabulary - Chapters 15, 16, 17 Flashcards

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1
Q

Absentee Ballot

A

If a voter cannot make it to the polls, they can mail a completed ballot instead.

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2
Q

Australian Ballot

A

The type of

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3
Q

Gender Gap

A

The difference in political views between men and women and how these views are expressed at the voting booth.

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4
Q

Help America Vote Act

A

Imposes a number of requirements on states, mostly to create national standards for voting and election management.

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5
Q

Midterm Election

A

Federal elections that occur midway though a presidents term, and usually have a lower turnout.

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6
Q

Motor-Voter Law

A

A law passed that requires states to offer citizens a chance to register to vote at state-run agencies such as the DMV. Increases

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7
Q

National Voter Registration Act

A

Passed to increase citizen participation and to alleviate the burden of having to make a special effort to register to vote.

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8
Q

aka

A

Addresses national standards and enforcement of voter registration, and government agency-based registration. Requires

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9
Q

“Motor voter law”

A

states to offer citizens a chance to register at state-run agencies, such as the bureaus of motor vehicles. Increases number of

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10
Q

Political Efficacy

A

A sense that a citizen’s vote makes a difference.

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11
Q

Polling Place

A

Often a school or community center where voters are assigned to vote at based on their precinct.

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12
Q

Precincts

A

A small geographic area of about 500-1,000 voters who all vote at an assigned polling place.

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13
Q

Provisional Ballot

A

A vote that is cast but not counted until determination is made that the voter is properly registered.

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14
Q

Voter Apathy

A

Lack of concern for the election outcome

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15
Q

Voter Registration

A

Enrollment in the electoral roll

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16
Q

Voter Turnout

A

Number of voters who actually cast a vote as a percentage of the voting age population.

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17
Q

Voting-Age Population

A

Everyone at and over the age of 18

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18
Q

Voting Blocs

A

Groups that vote in

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19
Q

Voting-Eligible Population

A

Citizens who are able to legally vote

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20
Q

Wards

A

Broken-down, subdivided areas of counties, cities, and towns for voting purposes.

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21
Q

Franchise

A

The right to vote

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22
Q

Preclearance

A

Put states under the federal supervision if they attempted to invent new legal loopholes to diminish black suffarage such as

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23
Q

White Primary

A

State democratic party organizations set rules for the primary such as defining their membership as white mens club. It

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24
Q

Electorate

A

Citizens who cast a vote for the American president and other offices.

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25
Q

Party-Line Voting

A

Voting for only one party due to strong part ties and partial ignorance

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26
Q

Prospective Voting

A

Citizens anticipate the future voting trends by studying past trends.

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27
Q

Rational-Choice Voting

A

A voter who has examined an issue or candidate, evaluated campaign promises or platform points, and consciously decided to

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28
Q

Retrospective Voting

A

Looks back at candidates track record for whether to vote or not.

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29
Q

Democratic Party

A

Supports aggressive efforts for minority rights and stronger protections for the environment. They also desire more

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30
Q

Republican Party

A

Supports a conservative doctrine advocating for strong national defense, reduction of government spending, and limited

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31
Q

Linkage Institutions

A

Channels that connect people with the government to keep people informed to try and shape public policy

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32
Q

Democratic National Committee

A

Hierarchy of hundreds of employees and a complex network dedicated to furthering the goals of the Democratic party.

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33
Q

Republican National Committee

A

Hierarchy of hundreds of employees and a complex network dedicated to furthering the goals of the Republican party.

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34
Q

National Chairperson

A

The chief strategist and spokesperson of each national committee that runs the party machinery.

35
Q

National Convention

A

Meetings held every 4 years by party leaders of the Dem and Rep parties. Presidential candidates compete for a nomination

36
Q

Platform

A

A written list of beliefs

37
Q

Robocalls

A

Prerecorded phone messages delivered automatically to large numbers of people to remind people to vote for their

38
Q

Social Media

A

Examples: facebook, instagram, snapchat, and twitter. These social networks all have qualities that make them powerful tools

39
Q

War Chest

A

Reserve of funds used for fighting wars.

40
Q

McGovern-Fraser Commission

A

Created by Democrats to rewrite their convention rules regarding minority representation. Established affirmative action

41
Q

Super Delegates

A

High-ranking delegates of the DNC that are unpledged and not required to vote for a specific state primary candidate.

42
Q

Critical Elections

A

Elections which reveal sharp, lasting changes in loyalties to political parties (i.e. 1800, 1860, 1932, 1964, 2016)

43
Q

Divided Government

A

When one party controls the White House and the other party controls one or both chambers of Congress.

44
Q

Grand Old Party (GOP)

A

Name for Republican Party which dominated national politics from 1860-1932, ideological shift to conservatism in 1980s

45
Q

Party Dealignment

A

When a large portion of electorates abandon a political party without replacing it with a new one.

46
Q

Party Realignment

A

When groups of political party members start to vote for a different party and shift the balance of power.

47
Q

Economic Protest Parties

A

These are parties formed when a group of people disagrees with another party’s platform and their economic policy making.

48
Q

Single-Issue Parties

A

A single issue party is a party that is only working towards one goal.

49
Q

Splinter Parties

A

When large factions of members break off from a major party.

50
Q

Third Parties

A

Political parties alternative to Democrat and Republican which hold separate beliefs and see limited success.

51
Q

Ideological Parties

A

Parties that closely or only follow the ideals of their parties rather than voting for the good of the people.

52
Q

Two-Party System

A

When two parties dominate politics, making it difficult for minor parties to succeed in national elections

53
Q

Winner-Take-All Voting

A

System used in the Electoral College. When a candidate wins a state they win all the EC votes for that state.

54
Q

Ballot Access

A

The prescribed method each state has for candidates to earn a place on the ballot. Ballot access is much easier for Democratic

55
Q

Swing States

A

A U.S. State where the two major political parties have similar levels of support among voters.

56
Q

Single-Member Districts

A

An electoral district represented by a single office holder.

57
Q

Free-Rider

A

Non-members choose not to bear the participation costs of time and fees, but DO benefit from the associated group’s efforts.

58
Q

Iron Triangles

A

The strong bonds between an agency, a congressional committee, and an interest group.

59
Q

Issue Networks

A

Collectives that support a specific issue in a short-term relationship with similar goals

60
Q

Pluralism

A

A multitude of views that ultimately results in a consensus on some issues. The government is built to distribute the political

61
Q

501 (c) (3)

A

Organizations, such as churches and certain hospitals, that recieve tax deductions for charitable donations and can influence

62
Q

501 (c) (4)

A

Groups such as certain social welfare organizations, can lobby and campaign, but they can’t spend more than half their

63
Q

Direct Lobbying

A

Most common form of insider activity of legislators. Communication with a member or employee of a legislative body, or with a

64
Q

Endorsement

A

Public expression of support

65
Q

Grassroots Lobbying

A

Interest groups mobilizing large numbers of people at a local level to lobby for a cause.

66
Q

Grasstops

A

A strategy used by interest groups to target opinion leaders into influencing large numbers for the groups benefit.

67
Q

Insider Strategies

A

Strategy of lobbyists that work closely with a few key members of Congress, meeting privately to exchange information & favors

68
Q

Lobbying

A

Applying pressure to influence government

69
Q

Lobbyist

A

They work to develop relationships through their contacts who have access to government officials, through these contacts, they

70
Q

Outsider Strategies

A

Strategies used to educate the public through the internet and campaigns. IT is used to impress public officials from an outsider

71
Q

Ideological Groups

A

Interest groups formed around a political ideology. Examples include the NAACP on the liberal side and Christian Coalition on the

72
Q

Intergovernmental Lobby

A

An interest group that includes government officials who rely on federal funding.

73
Q

Material Incentives

A

Physical things one can gain by joining an interest group (travel discounts, magazine subscriptions, complimentary items)

74
Q

Professional Associations

A

Institutional interest groups that represent white-collar jobs (American Medical Association, American Bar Association).

75
Q

Public Interest Groups

A

An interest group that works for the general interest

76
Q

Purposive Incentives

A

Allows the joiner to gain philosophical satisfaction, their money goes to a worthy cause.

77
Q

Single-Issue Groups

A

Issue groups focused on just one topic. Notable examples include the National Rifle Association (NRA) and the American

78
Q

Solidary Incentives

A

A specific incentive that allows people of like mind to gather on occasion.

79
Q

Think Tanks

A

Research institutions that have specific ideological goals.

80
Q

Upper-Class Bias

A

Members of interest groups are usually more wealthy and educated.

81
Q

Bundling

A

Raising large sums from multiple donors for a candidate.

82
Q

Revolving Door

A

The movement from the job of legislator to a job within an industry affected by the laws or regulations.

83
Q

Trade Associations

A

Interest groups made of businesses within a specific industry, i.e. the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM).

Gov (2 decks)

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