Unit 5.4 Design Movements Flashcards
1
Q
Inspirations for Arts and Crafts
A
- A reaction to the loss of traditional skills and overuse of ornamentation in the Victorian era, which was perceived to have resulted from the Industrial Revolution
- Traditional crafts rather than machines
2
Q
Influences for Arts and Crafts
A
- Medieval craft guilds
- Simplicity
- Natural forms
- Beauty of timber
3
Q
Features of Arts and Crafts
A
- ‘Honest’, handmade, traditional methods such as pegged mortise and tenon joints
- The beauty of materials such as the grain and figure of oak clearly displayed
- The use of patterned, natural forms on tiles, wallpaper and textiles
4
Q
Key Figure for Arts and Crafts
A
William Morris
5
Q
William Morris
A
- After leaving university Morris and Ruskin formed their own design and decoration company, which specialized in the use of natural materials and traditional craftsmanship
- His socialist principles reinforced his craft-based rather than industrial-scale design philosophy
- To promote this, he helped to set up workers’ guilds to create a unified approach to design and empower designers creating their own products
- Many of his textile and wallpaper designs, which made use of simple, natural forms, are still in use today
6
Q
William Morris Quote
A
• ‘Have nothing in your houses that you do not know to be useful, or believe to be beautiful’
7
Q
Time period of Arts and Crafts
A
1850-1900
8
Q
Influences for Art Nouveau
A
- Combination of European and Oriental design
- Designers and artists were keen to see a unified approach to design,
- The availability of newly developed and improved materials
9
Q
Inspiration for Art Nouveau
A
- The beauty of organic forms of plant life
- The sensuous, languid female forms
- Oriental, particularly Japanese, art and interiors
- Celtic crosses
- Arabian patterns
- Greek decoration
10
Q
Features of Art Nouveau
A
- Stylised sinuous plant motifs
* Female figures with ling, loose hair and flowing dresses
11
Q
Key figure for Art Nouveau
A
Charles Rennie Mackintosh
12
Q
Charles Rennie Mackintosh
A
- He interpreted Art Nouveau in a unique, Scottish way
- His designs show evidence of Japanese, Celtic and Arts and Crafts influences
- Later in his career, he employed bold geometric forms although he retained the use of distinctive floral motifs and elegant curves
13
Q
Time period for Art Nouveau
A
1890-1900
14
Q
Influences for Post Modernism
A
- A reaction to Modernism, perceiving it as a boring, functional period that lacked excitement.
- Computer designed ‘blandness’ had seemed by some to be becoming more evident
15
Q
Inspiration for Post Modernism
A
- The brutal industrial design of oil refineries
- Pop culture
- Ancient classical architecture
- Children’s toys
- Human and animal forms
- Earlier design eras such as Art Deco.
16
Q
Features of Post Modernism
A
- The wide range of available materials
- An ‘anything goes’ attitude
- A diverse range of designs which often conveyed humour and personality
17
Q
Key figure of Post Modernism
A
Phillipe Starck
18
Q
Phillipe Starck
A
- His best-known designs are for Alessi, the Italian kitchenware company.
- He utilises a range of modern materials to realise his sometimes-eccentric, innovative ideas, although he is also conscious of sustainability.
- Sometimes his form over function philosophy results in a product which is highly aesthetically pleasing, but dangerous and totally impractical.
19
Q
Time period for Post Modernism
A
1975 - now
20
Q
Influences for Streamlining
A
- Advancing aviation technology introduced aerodynamic, rounded forms to reduce wind resistance.
- People were looking to the future and even outer space due to developing rocket and satellite technology.
- The increase in wealth of consumers facilitated affording more ‘design-conscious’ products
- The development of materials such as metal alloys and plastics, along with new manufacturing technology
21
Q
Inspiration for Streamlining
A
- A teardrop, highly aerodynamic form,
- The streamline form was often incorporated simply to make products stand out, since aerodynamics often were not an issue.
- Architects adopted a ‘Streamline Moderne’ style, which was heavily influenced by aerodynamic design.
22
Q
Key figure of Streamlining
A
Raymond Loewy
23
Q
Raymond Loewy
A
- He started his career in 1928 by designing an improved casing for a Gestetner duplicating machine, modelling with clay to develop its streamlined form.
- His work streamlining locomotive design also introduced welding for the first time as an improved method of manufacturing compared to the rivets previously used.
24
Q
Time period for Streamlining
A
1935 - 1955
