Unit 5 Vocab Flashcards
Economic activity involving the processing of raw materials and their transformation into finished industrial products the manufacturing sector
Secondary economy activity
Economic activity associated with the provision of services such as transportation banking retailing education and routine office based jobs
Tertiary economic activity
Service sector industries concerned with the collection processing and manipulation of information and capital. Examples include finance, administration, insurance, and legal services
Quarternary economic activity
Service sector industries that require a high level of specialized knowledge or technical skill. Examples include scientific research and high level management
Quinary economic activity
Genetic modification of a plant such that its reproductive success depends on human intervention
Plant domestication
Crops that are reproduced by cultivating the roots of or the cutting from the plants
Root crops
Crop that is reproduced by cultivating the seeds of the plants
Seed crops
Approach to farming and ranching that avoids the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other similar synthetic inputs
Organic agriculture
The purpose tending of crops and livestock in order to produce food and fiber
Agriculture
Economic activity concerned with the direct extraction of natural resources from the environment such as mining, fishing, lumbering, and especially agriculture
Primary economic activity
Dating back 10,000 years this revolution was the first time in recorded history in which human beings achieved plant and animal domestication
First agricultural revolution
Genetic modification of an animal such that it is rendered more tolerant in regards to human control
Animal domestication
Self-sufficient agriculture that is small scale and low technology and emphasizes food production for local consumption not for trade
Subsistence farming
Cultivation of crops in tropical forest clearings in which the forest vegetation has been removed by cutting and burning. These clearings are usually abandoned after a few years in favor of newly cleared forestland. Also know as slash and burn agriculture
Shifting cultivation
Cultivation of crops in tropical forest clearings in which the forest vegetation has been removed by cutting and burning. These clearings are usually abandoned after a few years in favor of newly cleared forestland. Also know as slash and burn agriculture
Slash and burn farming
Explains the location of agricultural activities in a commercial, profit-making economy. A process of spatial competition allocates various farming activities into rings around a central market city, with profit-earning capability the determining force in how far a crop locates from the market
Von thunen model
Currently in process this agricultural revolution is closely linked to the development, distribution, and implementation of GMOs
Third agricultural revolution
The recently successful development of higher yield, fast growing varieties of rice and other cereals in certain developing countries which lead to increased production per unit area and a dramatic narrowing of the gap between population growth and food needs
Green revolution
Crops that carry new traits that have been inserted through advanced genetic engineering methods
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
Also called the Public Land Survey the system was used by the U.S. land office survey to parcel land west of the Appalachian mountains. The system divides land into a series of rectangular parcels
Rectangular survey system
A rectangular land division scheme designed by Thomas Jefferson to disperse settlers evenly across farmland of the U.S. interior
Township and range system
A system of land surveying east of hte Appalachian Mountains. It is a system that relies on descriptions of land ownership and natural features such as streams or trees. Because of the imprecise nature of metes and bounds surveying the U.S. land office survey abandoned the technique in favor of the rectangular survey system
Metes and bounds system
Distinct regional approach to land surveying found in the Canadian maritimes parts of Quebec Louisiana and Texas whereby land is divided into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers roads or canals
Long-lot survey system
System which the eldest son in a family or in exceptional cases daughter inherits all of a dying parents land
Primogeniture
Term used to describe large scale farming and ranching operations that employ vast land bases large mechanized equipment factory type labor forces and the latest technology
Commercial agriculture
Dependence on a single agricultural commodity
Monoculture
Developed by wladimir koppeb a system for classifying the worlds climates on the basis of temperature and precipitation
Koppen climatic classification system
Production system based on a large estate owned by an individual family or corporation and organized to produce a cash crop. Almost all were established within the tropics; in recent decades many have been divided into smaller holdings or reorganized as cooperatives
Plantation agriculture
Non-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco
Luxury crops
The raising of domesticated animals for the production of meat and other byproducts such as leather and wool
Livestock ranching
General term for the business that provide the vast array of goods and services that support the agriculture industry
Agribusiness
Specialized farming that occurs only in areas where climate conditions are dry and moderate in the summer
Mediterranean agriculture
The place from which agriculture or a form of agriculture originates
Agricultural hearth
A form of technology that uses living organisms or a form of agriculture originates
Biotechnology
Grains that include corn, barley etc… grains are the harvested seeds portions of cereal crops that serve as high nutrient store. These grains can be fed to horses as the whole grain or processed by cracking rolling crimping steam flacking or extruding. Grains are very palatable, dense, and usually low in fiber if processed correctly
Cereal grains
The transfer of plants animals an diseases between the Americas and Europe and Africa. Historic catalyst for the triangular slave trade
Colombian exchange
Degradation of land especially in semi arid areas primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting animal grazing and tree cutting
Desertification
A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages
Dispersed settlement pattern
A pen, or fenced in area
Enclosure
The process by which wind water and ice or gravity transport soil and sediment from one location to another wears down rocks and soil.
Erosion
A crop or livestock system in which land quality or extent is more important than capital or labor inputs in determining output
Extensive agricultural
The cultivation of plants
Horticulture
The old nomadic tribes who would follow packs of animals for food and gather other plants so that they could survive
Hunter and gatherers
Loss of diversity through failure to produce new species this contributes to mass extinction
Mass depletions
Cutting forests emissions to pollutants and spilling of oil
Environmental stress
