Unit 5 Vocab

Question 1

Agriculture

Answer 1

The raising of animals or the growing of crops on tended land to obtain food for consumption by a farmer’s family or for sale off the farm.

Question 2

Agribusiness

Answer 2

A business or company that sells agricultural products. Ex; Heinz

Question 3

Aquaculture

Answer 3

Farming of fish on land, in man made ponds, or in big nets in the ocean

Question 4

Aquifer

Answer 4

Moving water underground in an underground stream. Ex; The Ogallala aquifer

Question 5

Bid Rent Theory

Answer 5

Bid rent theory states that land/real estate/rental costs are higher in and around a city’s central business district due to demand.

Question 6

Cash Crop

Answer 6

An agricultural crop that is purposely made strictly to be sold in a market environment for as much money as possible. Ex; cotton, coffee

Question 7

Columbian Exchange

Answer 7

Transfer of plants, animals, disease, and technology between the Old World from which Columbus came and the New World which he found.

Question 8

Commercial Agriculture

Answer 8

A type of agriculture that generates products for sale

Question 9

Commodity Chain

Answer 9

System that gathers resources, convert them into goods, package them for distribution, disperse them, and sells them on the market for companies

Question 10

Crop Rotation

Answer 10

In order to preserve the nutrients in the soil farmers will switch between growing certain plants in one area. Ex; In the midwest a lot of farms switch between soybeans and corn.

Question 11

Deforestation

Answer 11

Deforestation is the destruction of forest or forested areas by human or natural means. Ex; Slash and burn or wild fires

Question 12

Desertification

Answer 12

The process by which previously fertile lands become arid and unusable for farming. Ex; Sahel region

Question 13

Enclosure System

Answer 13

Process of taking over several small plots of land to make them into one big are of land to make more efficient and effective farming. Ex; Britain

Question 14

Extensive Agriculture

Answer 14

A system of agriculture when there is low input of labor per unit of land

Question 15

Fair Trade

Answer 15

Allows farmer in periphery countries to receive fair wage for their products. Helps country improve economic conditions

Pays producers a little bit more for prducts, usually in LDCs

Question 16

Farm Subsidies

Answer 16

Supplements costs of farming, so that farmers can make profits off their products. Mainly used in developed countries because they have the money

Question 17

Food Desert

Answer 17

An area that has limited access to affordable and nutritious food. Ex: New York City

Question 18

Food Security

Answer 18

The ability of a population or a social community to reliably access enough nutrition to survive and flourish. Ex: Soup Kitchens

Question 19

GMO

Answer 19

A plant, animal or microbe in which changes have been made to the genome, typically using high-tech genetic engineering, in an attempt to alter the characteristics of an organism. Ex; cattle, dogs, corn

Question 20

Intensive Agriculture

Answer 20

A lot of manual labor for the amount of land

Question 21

Luxury Crops

Answer 21

A crop that is grown for another purpose than sustaining life. Ex; Tea, cocoa, coffee

Question 22

Market Farming

Answer 22

Small-scale prodution of produce directly to consumers from producers Ex; Tomatoes, lettuce, strawberries

Question 23

Nomadic Herding

Answer 23

The cyclical movement of livestock from place to place from people who don’t really have a designated home.

Question 24

Plantation Agriculture

Answer 24

The clearing of forest or land to create an area of farming for one specific crop, which is grown on a large scale and intensively.

Question 25

Shifting cultivation

Answer 25

Only using a little bit of a farmer’s land until the yields drop to a certain level, then they will move to another section of the land, then another, then another, until they get to the original part where they started.

Question 26

Slash and Burn

Answer 26

A type of shifting cultivation that that involves the cutting and burning of plants in a forest or woodland to create a field called a swidden.

Question 27

Subsistence agriculture

Answer 27

The production of food primarily for consumption by the farmer and family and mostly found in less developed countries.

Question 28

Tariffs

Answer 28

A limit imposed on the quantity of a country’s exports or imports, often used to restrict imported goods.

Question 29

Terracing

Answer 29

Building a series of steps or flat land for farming on the sides of hills or mountains.

Question 30

Transhumance

Answer 30

A type of nomadic herding; the seasonal movement of livestock between mountains in summer and lowland pastures in winter.