Unit 5 Vocab

Question 1

The process by which humans alter the landscape in order to raise crops and livestock for consumption and trade.

Answer 1

Agriculture

Question 2

Growing enough food or raise enough livestock to meet the immediate needs of the farmer and his or her family.

Answer 2

Subsistence Agriculture

Question 3

Growing enough crops or raise enough livestock to sell for profit.

Answer 3

Commercial Agriculture

Question 4

A large commercial farm that specializes in one crop.

Answer 4

Plantation

Question 5

The geographic distance that milk is delivered.

Answer 5

Milkshed

Question 6

The commercial grazing of animals confined to a specific area, found in areas that are too dry to grow crops in large quantities.

Answer 6

Livestock Ranching

Question 7

Groups of homes located near each other in a village and fostered a strong sense of place and often shared of services, such as schools.

Answer 7

Clustered Settlements

Question 8

A series of laws enacted by the British government that enabled landowners to purchase and enclose land for their own use.

Answer 8

Enclosure Acts

Question 9

The process of applying controlled amounts of water to crops using, pipes, sprinkler systems, or other human-made devices, rather than to rely on just rainfall.

Answer 9

Irrigation

Question 10

A process by which humans use engineering techniques to change the DNA of a seed.

Answer 10

GMO

Question 11

Planting and Harvesting a crop two times per year on the same piece of land, could be three.

Answer 11

Double Cropping

Question 12

Farmers grow two or more crops simultaneously on the same field.

Answer 12

Intercropping

Question 13

Only growing one type of crop or raising one type of animal year after year.

Answer 13

Monocropping

Question 14

Farms run as corporations, and the globalization of agriculture.

Answer 14

Agribusiness

Question 15

These large-scale operations are commercial, highly mechanized, and often use chemicals and biotechnology in raising crops and animals

Answer 15

Transnational Corporations

Question 16

A process used by corporations to gather resources transform them into goods, and then transport them to consumers.

Answer 16

Commodity Chain

Question 17

A type of agriculture that includes market gardening/truck farming and dairy farming, would occur. It produces perishable items, and farmers need to get them to market quickly.

Answer 17

Horticulture

Question 18

Not essential to humans survival but have a high profit margin.

Answer 18

Luxury crops

Question 19

Farmers build a series of steps into the side of a hill.

Answer 19

Terrace Farming

Question 20

An extensive agricultural activity that involves groups of people moving often and raising animals as their main meals of survival.

Answer 20

Pastoral Nomadism

Question 21

An early agricultural practice and type of shifting cultivation that takes place when all vegetation in an area of forest is cut down and burned in place.

Answer 21

Slash-and-Burn Agriculture

Question 22

Deliberate effort to manipulate species for an advantage.

Answer 22

Domestication

Question 23

A concept used in developing countries to help create sustainability.

Answer 23

Fair Trade

Question 24

A government payment that supports a business or market.

Answer 24

Subsidy

Question 25

Where supply and demand, not government policy, determine the outcome of competition for land.

Answer 25

Free-Market Economy

Question 26

Planting wheat in the winter, harvesting in the summer.

Answer 26

Spring Wheat

Question 27

Planting wheat in the autumn, grown in winter.

Answer 27

Winter Wheat

Question 28

Began in 1700’s, it used the advances of the Industrial Revolution to increase food supplies and support population growth.

Answer 28

The Secondary Agricultural Revolution

Question 29

Alternation of the natural vegetation in arid areas causes fertile land to become infertile.

Answer 29

Desertification

Question 30

Subsistent extensive farming, farmers grow crops on a piece of land for a year or two. When soil loses fertility, they move to another field.

Answer 30

Shifting Cultivation

Question 31

The seasonal herding of animals from higher elevations in the summer to lower elevations and valleys in the winter.

Answer 31

Transhumance

Question 32

An area of land cleared for cultivation by slashing and burning vegetation.

Answer 32

Swidden

Question 33

The long-term weather patterns in a region.

Answer 33

Climate

Question 34

Practices in which farmers or ranchers use large amounts of inputs, such energy, fertilizers, labor, or machines, to maximize yields.

Answer 34

Intensive Agriculture

Question 35

Practices that use fewer amounts of the inputs and typically result in less yields.

Answer 35

Extensive Agriculture

Question 36

The money invested in land, equipment, and machines.

Answer 36

Capital

Question 37

Typical fruits and vegetables grown in the United States include lettuce, broccoli, apples, oranges, and tomatoes.

Answer 37

Truck Farming/Commercial Gardening

Question 38

For irregular shaped boundaries that were formed by physical features. Short distances (specific points) or larger areas (streams and roads)

Answer 38

Metes and Bounds

Question 39

An intensive farming, close quarters with a controlled environment, fish, shellfish, or water plants are raised in netted areas in the sea, tanks, or other bodies of water.

Answer 39

Aquaculture

Question 40

The ownership of other business involved in the steps of producing a particular good.

Answer 40

Vertical Integration

Question 41

Improper use of irrigation or water high in salt content can cause salinization of the soil. The salts from water remain in soil,

Answer 41

Soil Salinization

Question 42

Growing crops inside in stackable trays, using greenhouses, artificial lights, and hydroponics.

Answer 42

Vertical farms

Question 43

Bringing producers and consumers into a partnership.

Answer 43

Community-Supported Agriculture

Question 44

A neighborhood where residents have little to no access to healthy and affordable food.

Answer 44

Food Desert

Question 45

Often genetically modified to produce desirable shapes and sizes for increased food production

Answer 45

High Yield Seed