Unit 5 Vocab Flashcards
The process by which humans alter the landscape in order to raise crops and livestock for consumption and trade.
Agriculture
Growing enough food or raise enough livestock to meet the immediate needs of the farmer and his or her family.
Subsistence Agriculture
Growing enough crops or raise enough livestock to sell for profit.
Commercial Agriculture
A large commercial farm that specializes in one crop.
Plantation
The geographic distance that milk is delivered.
Milkshed
The commercial grazing of animals confined to a specific area, found in areas that are too dry to grow crops in large quantities.
Livestock Ranching
Groups of homes located near each other in a village and fostered a strong sense of place and often shared of services, such as schools.
Clustered Settlements
A series of laws enacted by the British government that enabled landowners to purchase and enclose land for their own use.
Enclosure Acts
The process of applying controlled amounts of water to crops using, pipes, sprinkler systems, or other human-made devices, rather than to rely on just rainfall.
Irrigation
A process by which humans use engineering techniques to change the DNA of a seed.
GMO
Planting and Harvesting a crop two times per year on the same piece of land, could be three.
Double Cropping
Farmers grow two or more crops simultaneously on the same field.
Intercropping
Only growing one type of crop or raising one type of animal year after year.
Monocropping
Farms run as corporations, and the globalization of agriculture.
Agribusiness
These large-scale operations are commercial, highly mechanized, and often use chemicals and biotechnology in raising crops and animals
Transnational Corporations
A process used by corporations to gather resources transform them into goods, and then transport them to consumers.
Commodity Chain
A type of agriculture that includes market gardening/truck farming and dairy farming, would occur. It produces perishable items, and farmers need to get them to market quickly.
Horticulture
Not essential to humans survival but have a high profit margin.
Luxury crops
Farmers build a series of steps into the side of a hill.
Terrace Farming
An extensive agricultural activity that involves groups of people moving often and raising animals as their main meals of survival.
Pastoral Nomadism
An early agricultural practice and type of shifting cultivation that takes place when all vegetation in an area of forest is cut down and burned in place.
Slash-and-Burn Agriculture
Deliberate effort to manipulate species for an advantage.
Domestication
A concept used in developing countries to help create sustainability.
Fair Trade
A government payment that supports a business or market.
Subsidy
Where supply and demand, not government policy, determine the outcome of competition for land.
Free-Market Economy
Planting wheat in the winter, harvesting in the summer.
Spring Wheat
Planting wheat in the autumn, grown in winter.
Winter Wheat
Began in 1700’s, it used the advances of the Industrial Revolution to increase food supplies and support population growth.
The Secondary Agricultural Revolution
Alternation of the natural vegetation in arid areas causes fertile land to become infertile.
Desertification
Subsistent extensive farming, farmers grow crops on a piece of land for a year or two. When soil loses fertility, they move to another field.
Shifting Cultivation
The seasonal herding of animals from higher elevations in the summer to lower elevations and valleys in the winter.
Transhumance
An area of land cleared for cultivation by slashing and burning vegetation.
Swidden
The long-term weather patterns in a region.
Climate
Practices in which farmers or ranchers use large amounts of inputs, such energy, fertilizers, labor, or machines, to maximize yields.
Intensive Agriculture
Practices that use fewer amounts of the inputs and typically result in less yields.
Extensive Agriculture
The money invested in land, equipment, and machines.
Capital
Typical fruits and vegetables grown in the United States include lettuce, broccoli, apples, oranges, and tomatoes.
Truck Farming/Commercial Gardening
For irregular shaped boundaries that were formed by physical features. Short distances (specific points) or larger areas (streams and roads)
Metes and Bounds
An intensive farming, close quarters with a controlled environment, fish, shellfish, or water plants are raised in netted areas in the sea, tanks, or other bodies of water.
Aquaculture
The ownership of other business involved in the steps of producing a particular good.
Vertical Integration
Improper use of irrigation or water high in salt content can cause salinization of the soil. The salts from water remain in soil,
Soil Salinization
Growing crops inside in stackable trays, using greenhouses, artificial lights, and hydroponics.
Vertical farms
Bringing producers and consumers into a partnership.
Community-Supported Agriculture
A neighborhood where residents have little to no access to healthy and affordable food.
Food Desert
Often genetically modified to produce desirable shapes and sizes for increased food production
High Yield Seed
