unit 5 vocab

Question 1

Accessory pigments

Answer 1

any of various pigments found in photosynthetic cells and absorb light of wavelenths not absorbed by chlorophyll

Question 2

Adaptation

Answer 2

the evolutionary process whereby an organism becomes better able to live in its habitat or habitats

Question 3

Adenosine triphosphate

Answer 3

energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things

Question 4

Aerobic

Answer 4

organisms that need oxygen to make energy

Question 5

Anaerobic

Answer 5

without oxygen

Question 6

Autotroph

Answer 6

an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals

Question 7

Cellular Respiration

Answer 7

the process by which chemical energy is released during the oxidation of organic molecules

Question 8

Chemoautotroph

Answer 8

organism that makes organic carbon molecules from carbon dioxide using energy from chemical reactions

Question 9

Chemosynthesis

Answer 9

organisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates

Question 10

Chlorophyll

Answer 10

captures light energy

Question 11

Chloroplasts

Answer 11

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms

Question 12

Epidermal cells

Answer 12

outer covering of a plant

Question 13

Epidermis

Answer 13

outer layer of the skin

Question 14

Fermentation

Answer 14

process by which cell release in the absence of oxygen

Question 15

Germination

Answer 15

early growth stage of a plant embryo

Question 16

Glycolysis

Answer 16

first step in releasing the energy of glucose

Question 17

Guard

Answer 17

controls opening and closing of the stomata

Question 18

Heterotroph

Answer 18

an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients

Question 19

Krebs Cycle

Answer 19

pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide

Question 20

Leaf

Answer 20

photosynthetic organ that contains one or more bundles of vascular tissue

Question 21

Mesophyll

Answer 21

makes up bulk of leaves

Question 22

Mitochondrion

Answer 22

cell organelle that converts the chemical energy

Question 23

Phloem

Answer 23

carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis

Question 24

Photoautotroph

Answer 24

organism that uses energy from sunlight to convert it into carbon dioxide

Question 25

Photosynthesis

Answer 25

plants use light energy to convert into water

Question 26

Pigment

Answer 26

light-absorbing molecule

Question 27

Root

Answer 27

underground organ in plants

Question 28

Spongy mesophyll

Answer 28

loose tissue beneath the palisade layer of the leaf

Question 29

Stoma

Answer 29

opening in the underside of the leaf that allows carbon dioxide and oxygen to diffuse in and out of the leaf

Question 30

Stroma

Answer 30

region outside the thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts

Question 31

Thylakoid

Answer 31

saclike photosynthetic membrane found in chloroplasts

Question 32

Transpiration

Answer 32

loss of water from a plant through its leaves

Question 33

Vascular bundle

Answer 33

plant stem structure that contains xylem and phloem tissue

Question 34

Vascular tissue

Answer 34

type of plant tissue specialized to conduct water and nutrients throughout a plant

Question 35

Vein

Answer 35

a blood vessel that returns blood to the heart

Question 36

Xylem

Answer 36

vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of the plant