Unit 5 Vocab

Question 1

Agribusiness

Answer 1

Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food - processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.

Question 2

Desertification

Answer 2

Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions such as excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting. Also known as semiarid degradation.

Question 3

Industrial Revolution

Answer 3

A series of improvements industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.

Question 4

Primarily economic activity

Answer 4

Primary economic activities are tied to the resources of the earth. These activities occur where people live in close contact with the resources of the land. Primary economic activities produce basic food staples and raw materials for industry.

Question 5

Vegetative Planting

Answer 5

Reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants, such as cutting stems and dividing roots.

Question 6

Agricultural Hearths

Answer 6

Agricultural hearths are areas from where the origins of agricultural ideas and innovation began and spread. Agricultural hearths were also areas where the earliest urban civilizations developed. Original agricultural hearths include the Fertile Crescent, Sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Mesoamerica.

Question 7

Domestication

Answer 7

The process whereby a population of animals through a process of selection, becomes accustomed to human provision and control.

Question 8

Irrigation

Answer 8

The term used to describe a man-made system whereby water is spread from its natural source (such as a lake or river) over a much larger geographic range to aid in agricultural production is “irrigation.”

Question 9

Seed Drill

Answer 9

created by Jethro Tull, it allowed farmers to sow seeds in well-spaced rows at specific depths; this boosted crop yields

Question 10

Columbian Exchange

Answer 10

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus’s voyages.

Question 11

Enclosure

Answer 11

The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century

Question 12

Mercantilism

Answer 12

belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism.

Question 13

Seed Planting

Answer 13

N/A

Question 14

Crop Rotation

Answer 14

The practice of rotating use or different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil.

Question 15

Hunters and Gatherers

Answer 15

For 1000’s of years humans sustained themselves with this practice. Hunters gained skills in capturing and killing animals, and gatherers learned which plants and fruits were edible and nutritious. industrial agriculture modern farming that refers to the industrialized production of livestock, poultry, fish, and crops.

Question 16

Post - industrial societies

Answer 16

Countries where most people are no longer employed in industry. Post-industrial production is based on computers and other electronic devices that create, process, store and apply information

Question 17

Aquaculture

Answer 17

The science, art, and business of cultivating marine or freshwater food fish or shellfish, such as oysters, clams, salmon, and trout, under controlled conditions. The cultivation of aquatic organisms (as fish or shellfish) especially for

Question 18

Horticulture

Answer 18

The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers

Question 19

Labor - intensive agriculture

Answer 19

large inputs of labor/money relative to the size of the farmland. Intensive farming is characterized by efficiency: higher crop yields from smaller farms and more meat and dairy from fewer animals in smaller spaces.

Question 20

Plantation Agriculture

Answer 20

defined by the production of one or more usually cash crops on a large swathe of land. It is most common in tropical climates where cash crops generally grow more naturally

Question 21

Terraces

Answer 21

N/A