Unit 5 Vocab

Question 1

Urban farming

Answer 1

The growing of fruits, herbs, and vegetables, and raising animals in towns and cities, a process that is accompanied by many other activities, such as processing and distributing food, collecting and using food waste.

Question 2

Township and range

Answer 2

A rectangular learn division scheme designed by Thomas Jefferson to disperse settlers evenly across farmland of the US interior.

Question 3

Terracing

Answer 3

Creating flat platforms in the hillside that provide a level planting surface, which reduces soil runoff from the slope.
Bridge

Question 4

Suburbanization

Answer 4

The process of population movement from within towns and cities to the rural-urban fringe.
Going somewhere more urban

Question 5

Agriculture (farming)

Answer 5

And the farmers family

Question 6

Subsistence

Answer 6

Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer.
you use the crops you make
It sold

Question 7

Subsides

Answer 7

A grant or contribution of money, especially when made by a government, in support of undertaking, or unkeep of a thing.

Question 8

Slash and burn

Answer 8

A type of shifting cultivation. They cleared to land by cutting down trees and brush and after the vegetation dries, burning this “slash” resulting in a nutrient-Rich ash fertilizer. The cleared land is then cultivated for several years until the soil becomes in fertile.
Burn the ground till it becomes infertile then move

Question 9

Shifting cultivation

Answer 9

A form of substance agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another each field is used for crops in relatively few years and left a fallow for a relatively long Period.
Move from fields for better ground

Question 10

Second agricultural revolution

Answer 10

This revolution saw dramatic improvements in crop yields, innovations, like more effective yolks, for oxen, and later, the replacement of oxen by horses in advancement in fertilizers and field drainage systems. Started in the 1700s Britain and diffused out.

Question 11

Salinization

Answer 11

The process by which salt from irrigation water builds up in the soil.
Sal-salt build up

Question 12

Ranching

Answer 12

A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area.

Question 13

Plantation agriculture

Answer 13

Production systems based on a large estate, owned by an individual, family, a corporation, and organize to reduce a cash crop. Almost all were establish within the tropics.

Large farm one crop

Question 14

Pesticide

Answer 14

A chemical intended to kill insects and other organisms that damage crops.

Question 15

Pastoral nomadism/nomadic herding

Answer 15

A form of substance agricultural-based on herding domesticated animals.

Question 16

Organic farming

Answer 16

The use of natural substances, rather than chemical, fertilizers and pesticides to enrich the soil and grow crops.
organic-natural

Question 17

Nomadic

Answer 17

Moving from place to place for resources.

Question 18

Monoculture

Answer 18

Farming strategy, in which large fields are planted with a single type of crop year after year. This strategy is used better for efficiency, as you were only producing one crop.

Large fields single crop

Question 19

Monocropping

Answer 19

An agricultural method that utilized large plantings of a single species or variant.
Big farm one type of crop

Question 20

Mixed crop (livestock systems)

Answer 20

The combined farming of crops and livestock’s used to improve nutrient cycling.
Crops and livestock systems

Question 21

Milkshed

Answer 21

The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied.

Question 22

Metes and bounds

Answer 22

A method of land description, which involves identifying distances and directions, and makes use of both physical boundaries and measurements of the land.
Meters and boundaries

Question 23

Mediterranean agriculture

Answer 23

Growing hearty trees and shrubs, and raising sheep and goats. Mild, wet winters, hot dry, summers. Olives, fruit, and nuts.

Question 24

Market gardening

Answer 24

The small scale, production of fruits, veggies, and flowers, as cash crops sold directly to local consumers. Distinguishable by the large diversity of crops grown on a small area of land, during a single growing session. Labor is done manually.
Garden products sold locals

Question 25

Long lots

Answer 25

Long, narrow boundaries for accessibility to water primarily for resources.

Question 26

Irrigation

Answer 26

A word supplying water to an area of land.

Question 27

Intensive (agriculture)

Answer 27

In agriculture, involving greater effort put into farming to benefit from it.

Question 28

High-yield seeds

Answer 28

Seeds that have been engineered to be stronger and more productive. They will produce more crops, proceed, needless water, and can survive warmer climates.
High end seeds

Question 29

Herbicide

Answer 29

A substance for killing plants, especially weeds.

Question 30

Green revolution (3rd agriculture revolution)

Answer 30

Rapid diffusion of new agriculture, technology, especially new high-yield seeds, GMO‘s, and fertilizers.

Question 31

Global supply chain

Answer 31

A network of a firms out sourcing suppliers, and contractors. Same as a commodity chain, but on a global scale.

Question 32

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)

Answer 32

Crops that carry new traits that have been through advanced genetic engineering methods

Question 33

Food insecurity

Answer 33

A condition in which people do not have adequate access to food.

Question 34

First agricultural revolution

Answer 34

The time when human beings, first domesticated, plants and animals, and no longer live entirely on hunting and gathering, approximately 11,000 years ago.

Question 35

Feedlots

Answer 35

Confined spaces in which Catalan hogs have limited movement.
Small lots to feed animals

Question 36

Fair trade

Answer 36

Alternative to international trade, that pay workers, fair, wages, permits, union, organizing, and complies with minimum environmental safety standards.
Trading that pays their traders

Question 37

Extensive agriculture

Answer 37

An agriculture system characterized by low inputs of labor per unit of land area.
Easier labor

Question 38

Export

Answer 38

A good or service produced in the home country, and sold in another country.
Goods being transported out of a country

Question 39

Double cropping

Answer 39

Planting two types of crops in the same field.

Question 40

Domestication

Answer 40

The taming of animals for human use, such as work, or as food.
Changing how animals naturally live

Question 41

Desertification

Answer 41

Degrading of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions, like excessive, crop planting, animal, grazing, and tree cutting
Making something bare because of human actions
Bare like a desert

Question 42

Deforestation

Answer 42

Destruction of forests

Question 43

Crop rotation

Answer 43

Bearing of crops from year to year, to allow the restoration of valuable nutrients and continuing of productivity of soil.

Question 44

Commodity chain

Answer 44

Series of links, connecting the many places of production and distribution, and resulting in a commodity chain that is been exchanged on the world market. In agriculture, the chain usually begins with inputs, such as land, seeds, fertilizers, and animals, all tended to by farmers to produce the crop. After cultivation and harvest, the crop is processed, packaged and then transported to store/retails. Eventually, the end result is a finish commodity chain that is sold to consumers.

Question 45

Bid rent theory

Answer 45

Geographical economic theory that refers to how the price in demand of land changes as the distance toward the market increases.
The cost of a house is more when you live close to the city and less if you live far away.

Question 46

Commodity

Answer 46

Economic goods, or products before they are processed and/or given a brand-name, such as a product of agriculture.

Question 47

Commercial agriculture

Answer 47

Agriculture undertaken, primarily to generate products for sale off the farm

Question 48

Columbia’s exchange

Answer 48

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas, and the rest of the world, following Columbus‘s voyages.
-Europe and Africa to America: smallpox, flu, measles, malaria, bananas, cattle, coffee, horses, grapes, sugarcane, wheat, and rice
-Americas to Europe and Africa: corn, chocolate, peanuts, potatoes, tobacco, tomatoes, and turkey.

Question 49

Biodiversity

Answer 49

The variety of organisms living in a location
Bio-living diversity

Question 50

Aquaculture (aquafarming)

Answer 50

The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions.
Sea food

Question 51

Agriculture

Answer 51

The deliberate effort to modify a portion of earths surface through the cultivation of crops, and raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.
Changing the way plants grow

Question 52

Agriculture hearth

Answer 52

Area where different groups began to domesticate plants and animals.
The place where agriculture started

Question 53

Agribusiness

Answer 53

Commercial agriculture that is characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.
Business-industry
Agri-food(agriculture)