Unit 5 Vocab Flashcards
Urban farming
The growing of fruits, herbs, and vegetables, and raising animals in towns and cities, a process that is accompanied by many other activities, such as processing and distributing food, collecting and using food waste.
Township and range
A rectangular learn division scheme designed by Thomas Jefferson to disperse settlers evenly across farmland of the US interior.
Terracing
Creating flat platforms in the hillside that provide a level planting surface, which reduces soil runoff from the slope.
Bridge
Suburbanization
The process of population movement from within towns and cities to the rural-urban fringe.
Going somewhere more urban
Agriculture (farming)
And the farmers family
Subsistence
Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer.
you use the crops you make
It sold
Subsides
A grant or contribution of money, especially when made by a government, in support of undertaking, or unkeep of a thing.
Slash and burn
A type of shifting cultivation. They cleared to land by cutting down trees and brush and after the vegetation dries, burning this “slash” resulting in a nutrient-Rich ash fertilizer. The cleared land is then cultivated for several years until the soil becomes in fertile.
Burn the ground till it becomes infertile then move
Shifting cultivation
A form of substance agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another each field is used for crops in relatively few years and left a fallow for a relatively long Period.
Move from fields for better ground
Second agricultural revolution
This revolution saw dramatic improvements in crop yields, innovations, like more effective yolks, for oxen, and later, the replacement of oxen by horses in advancement in fertilizers and field drainage systems. Started in the 1700s Britain and diffused out.
Salinization
The process by which salt from irrigation water builds up in the soil.
Sal-salt build up
Ranching
A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area.
Plantation agriculture
Production systems based on a large estate, owned by an individual, family, a corporation, and organize to reduce a cash crop. Almost all were establish within the tropics.
Large farm one crop
Pesticide
A chemical intended to kill insects and other organisms that damage crops.
Pastoral nomadism/nomadic herding
A form of substance agricultural-based on herding domesticated animals.
Organic farming
The use of natural substances, rather than chemical, fertilizers and pesticides to enrich the soil and grow crops.
organic-natural
Nomadic
Moving from place to place for resources.
Monoculture
Farming strategy, in which large fields are planted with a single type of crop year after year. This strategy is used better for efficiency, as you were only producing one crop.
Large fields single crop
Monocropping
An agricultural method that utilized large plantings of a single species or variant.
Big farm one type of crop
Mixed crop (livestock systems)
The combined farming of crops and livestock’s used to improve nutrient cycling.
Crops and livestock systems
Milkshed
The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied.
Metes and bounds
A method of land description, which involves identifying distances and directions, and makes use of both physical boundaries and measurements of the land.
Meters and boundaries
Mediterranean agriculture
Growing hearty trees and shrubs, and raising sheep and goats. Mild, wet winters, hot dry, summers. Olives, fruit, and nuts.
Market gardening
The small scale, production of fruits, veggies, and flowers, as cash crops sold directly to local consumers. Distinguishable by the large diversity of crops grown on a small area of land, during a single growing session. Labor is done manually.
Garden products sold locals
Long lots
Long, narrow boundaries for accessibility to water primarily for resources.
Irrigation
A word supplying water to an area of land.
Intensive (agriculture)
In agriculture, involving greater effort put into farming to benefit from it.
High-yield seeds
Seeds that have been engineered to be stronger and more productive. They will produce more crops, proceed, needless water, and can survive warmer climates.
High end seeds
Herbicide
A substance for killing plants, especially weeds.
Green revolution (3rd agriculture revolution)
Rapid diffusion of new agriculture, technology, especially new high-yield seeds, GMO‘s, and fertilizers.
Global supply chain
A network of a firms out sourcing suppliers, and contractors. Same as a commodity chain, but on a global scale.
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
Crops that carry new traits that have been through advanced genetic engineering methods
Food insecurity
A condition in which people do not have adequate access to food.
First agricultural revolution
The time when human beings, first domesticated, plants and animals, and no longer live entirely on hunting and gathering, approximately 11,000 years ago.
Feedlots
Confined spaces in which Catalan hogs have limited movement.
Small lots to feed animals
Fair trade
Alternative to international trade, that pay workers, fair, wages, permits, union, organizing, and complies with minimum environmental safety standards.
Trading that pays their traders
Extensive agriculture
An agriculture system characterized by low inputs of labor per unit of land area.
Easier labor
Export
A good or service produced in the home country, and sold in another country.
Goods being transported out of a country
Double cropping
Planting two types of crops in the same field.
Domestication
The taming of animals for human use, such as work, or as food.
Changing how animals naturally live
Desertification
Degrading of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions, like excessive, crop planting, animal, grazing, and tree cutting
Making something bare because of human actions
Bare like a desert
Deforestation
Destruction of forests
Crop rotation
Bearing of crops from year to year, to allow the restoration of valuable nutrients and continuing of productivity of soil.
Commodity chain
Series of links, connecting the many places of production and distribution, and resulting in a commodity chain that is been exchanged on the world market. In agriculture, the chain usually begins with inputs, such as land, seeds, fertilizers, and animals, all tended to by farmers to produce the crop. After cultivation and harvest, the crop is processed, packaged and then transported to store/retails. Eventually, the end result is a finish commodity chain that is sold to consumers.
Bid rent theory
Geographical economic theory that refers to how the price in demand of land changes as the distance toward the market increases.
The cost of a house is more when you live close to the city and less if you live far away.
Commodity
Economic goods, or products before they are processed and/or given a brand-name, such as a product of agriculture.
Commercial agriculture
Agriculture undertaken, primarily to generate products for sale off the farm
Columbia’s exchange
The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas, and the rest of the world, following Columbus‘s voyages.
-Europe and Africa to America: smallpox, flu, measles, malaria, bananas, cattle, coffee, horses, grapes, sugarcane, wheat, and rice
-Americas to Europe and Africa: corn, chocolate, peanuts, potatoes, tobacco, tomatoes, and turkey.
Biodiversity
The variety of organisms living in a location
Bio-living diversity
Aquaculture (aquafarming)
The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions.
Sea food
Agriculture
The deliberate effort to modify a portion of earths surface through the cultivation of crops, and raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.
Changing the way plants grow
Agriculture hearth
Area where different groups began to domesticate plants and animals.
The place where agriculture started
Agribusiness
Commercial agriculture that is characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.
Business-industry
Agri-food(agriculture)
