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Germany Flashcards > Unit 5- The Racial State 1933-41 > Flashcards

Unit 5- The Racial State 1933-41 Flashcards

1
Q

What was Phase One in the development of the Nazi regime ?

A
  • 1933-44: The Legal Revolution
  • Hitler depended on political allies
  • Couldn’t prevent SA violence, controlled as much as he could
  • Consolidated power by legal means
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2
Q

What was Phase Two in the development of the Nazi regime ?

A
  • 1934-37: Creating the new Germany
  • Regime secure
  • Hitler worried about public opinion
  • Olympic Games in 1936, anti semitism stopped and propaganda promoted Germany as a civilised society
  • Avoided confronting large groups like the army and churches
  • Knew Germany wasn’t ready for war
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3
Q

What was Phase Three in the development of the Nazi regime ?

A
  • 1938-39: Radicalisation of the state
  • Regime was stronger than 1933
  • Economy recovered, SS had control of the police system
  • Germany ready for war
  • Hitler took control of the army, sacked Blomberg and Fritsch
  • Radical persecution of ‘racial enemies’
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4
Q

What was the theory of Social Darwinism ?

A
  • Based on Darwin’s theory of ‘survival of the fittest’

- You must adapt to survive

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5
Q

What did Darwin’s theory justify ?

A
  • Justified ideas of racial superiority and theory of eugenics
  • Justified European imperialism- arguing ‘advanced’ Europeans had the right to rule over ‘inferior’ colonial people
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6
Q

How did Hitler use Darwin’s theory to fit the Nazi racial ideology and justify their actions ?

A
  • ‘Biological struggle’ between races fit with his view of the Jews
  • Germs had to be eliminated, justified killing of Jews
  • ‘Racial hygiene’ justified sterilisation of disabled
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7
Q

What was the Nazi hierarchy of races ?

A
  • Jews, black people and the Slavs were inferior races

- Herrenvolk (master race) werde the Aryans and superior

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8
Q

What was the Nazi’s race theory ?

A
  • Need to ‘purify’ the stonger races by eliminating the ‘germs’ that threatened them through inter-race marriage (the ‘degenerate’ races)
  • Destiny of Aryans to rule over the inferior races, vital to maintain their racial purity
  • Create a master race
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9
Q

How did one qualify as a member of the Volk ?

A
  • Essential to be true German
  • In terms of loyalty and racial purity
  • Aryan race
  • Genetically healthy, socially efficient and politically reliable
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10
Q

Which groups were excluded from the Volk ?

A
  • Political enemies
  • Asocials
  • those of a difference race (jews, gypsies)
  • Mentally ill or disabled
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11
Q

How would Lebensraum help achieve the Nazi racial ideology ?

A
  • Germany’s destiny lay in the east
  • Conquer inferior Slav people of Poland
  • Allow ‘Germanisation’ of the East
  • Bring back ‘Lost Germans’ to the Reich
  • Provide the battleground for war of racial annihilation
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12
Q

How were the Mentally and physically disabled viewed by Nazi ideology ?

A
  • Considered to be ‘Biological Outsiders’ from the Volk because their hereditary defects made them a threat to the future of the Aryan race
  • Based on theory of eugenics
  • Threat to ‘racial hygiene’ and an ‘unproductive burden’
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13
Q

What was the Law for Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Progeny (Sterilisation Law) 1933 ?

A
  • Compulsory sterilisation for certain categories of ‘inferiors’
  • Schizophrenia, feeblemindedness, hereditary blindness, deafness
  • Later amendments permit sterilisation of children over 10 years old
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14
Q

How were the abortion laws amended ?

A
  • Law amended to permit abortions in cases where those deemed suitable for sterilisation were already pregnant
  • 1936- x-ray sterilisation of women over 38 introduced (greater risk of offspring being born with disabilities)
  • Ban on abortion and contraception for Aryan women and girls
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15
Q

How many people were sterilised ?

A
  • 400,000 people were sterilised during the Third Reich

- 60% of those sterilised were categorised as being ‘feebleminded’

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16
Q

What was the first Euthanasia program for disabled children ?

A
  • Child’s father wrote to Hitler asking his child to be put to sleep
  • Dr Phillip Bouhler brought the letter to Hitler’s attention
  • Hitler sent senior SS doctor Karl Brandt to examine the baby and advices euthanasia
  • This case was the catalyst for the whole programme
  • Hitler announces he would protect doctors from prosecution who carried out ‘mercy killings’
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17
Q

How were disabled children euthanatised in hospitals ?

A
  • Medical staff in hospitals and asylums report on disabled children
  • Were starved to death or given a lethal injection
  • Parents told their child died of another cause, also on the forms
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18
Q

What was the T4 programme ?

A
  • Forms about patients were to be filled

- Passed on the assessors, who were paid on a piecework basis to encourage them to process as many patients as possible

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19
Q

What opposition was there about the T4 Programme from Churches ?

A
  • July 1940- protests from churches
  • Protastant Pastor Braune wrote a long memorandum, protesting about the T4 programme
  • Was arrested by the Gestapo
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20
Q

What did the Pope say about the T4 Programme ?

A
  • Official statement from Rome on 2nd December 1940

- Pronounced direct killing of people with mental or physical defects was against ‘the natural and positive law of god’

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21
Q

How did Catholic Archbishop Galen show opposition towards the T4 Programme 1941 ?

A
  • Preached a sermon making an emotive attack on euthanasia
  • Backed by evidence provided by local congregation members
  • Sermons designed to mobilise mass protest in the Rhineland-Westphalia province
  • Thousands of copies of Galen’s sermon were printed and distributed
  • Sparked further protests and public demonstrations
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22
Q

When did Hitler halt the T4 Programme ?

A

-24th August 1941

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23
Q

What did the term ‘asocial’ cover ?

A
  • Criminals
  • Tramps
  • Beggars
  • Alcoholics
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24
Q

What were Nazi policies towards asocials ?

A
  • 1933- mass round up of ‘tramps and beggars’, young homeless, unemployed people
  • Differentiate between ‘orderly’ and ‘disorderly’, as they didn’t have enough space in concentration camps
  • Orderly= fit, willing to work, no previous convictions
  • The orderly were given a permit and forced to work for their accommodation
  • Disorderly= habitual criminals, sent to concentration camps
  • 1938, even bigger round up, inc ‘pimps and gypsies’ most sent to Buchenwald concentration camp
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25
Q

What happened in 1936 before the Olympic Games in Berlin ?

A
  • Police rounded up large numbers of ‘tramps and beggars’ from the streets
  • To project an image of hard working and dynamic society to the rest of the world
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26
Q

What was the Hashude ?

A
  • 1936
  • Asocial colony in Northern Germany
  • Aim of the colony was to re-educate the asocials so they could be integrated into society
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27
Q

What were Nazi policies towards Homosexuals ?

A
  • 1933- purge of homosexual organisations and literature
  • Clubs closed down, organisations for gay people were banned, gay publications outlawed
  • 1934- Gestapo compile a list of gay people. Eliminated leaders of the SA who were gay (Rohm)
  • 1936- Himmler created the Reich Office for the Combatting of Homosexuality and Abortion
  • Wore pink triangle in concentration camps
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28
Q

How was the law on homosexuality amended in 1935 ?

A
  • Widened the definition of homosexuality
  • Impose harsher penalties for those convicted
  • After the law changed, over 22,000 men were arrested and imprisoned between 1936-38
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29
Q

What % of gay prisoners died in concentration camps ?

A

-60% of gay prisoners died in concentration camps

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30
Q

Why did Religious sects arouse Nazi suspicion ?

A

-All had international links

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31
Q

What did Nazis do to Religious sects when they were suspicious of them ?

A

-Banned in 1933

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32
Q

When was the ban on religious sects lifted ?

A
  • When the religious sects cooperated with the regime

- Gestapo still attended and reported on their services

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33
Q

What were the religious sects in Germany ?

A
  • Jehovahs Witness
  • Christian scientists
  • Mormans
  • Seventh day adventists
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34
Q

How many members did JW have ?

A

-30,000 in 1933

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35
Q

How did the JW show opposition to the Nazi regime ?

A
  • Belief they could only obey Jehovah (god), refusal to pledge a loyalty oath to Hitler
  • Refused to give Hitler salute
  • Refused to participate in Nazi parades
  • Refused to accept army conscription
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36
Q

What did the Nazis do to JW’s who showed opposition ?

A

-Many arrested and imprisoned in concentration camps

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37
Q

How did JW’s show opposition in concentration camps ?

A
  • Still refused to obey orders, attend parades and remove their caps
  • Converted many to their beliefs in camps
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38
Q

How many JW’s were imprisoned and died ?

A

-By 1945, 10,000 JW’s were imprisoned and died

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39
Q

How did Nazi’s fail to break the JW resistance ?

A
  • Refused to obey orders in camps

- They converted many others to their beliefs while imprisoned

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40
Q

How did the Seventh Day Adventists show cooperation with the Nazi regime ?

A
  • Positive welcome to regime
  • Swastika flag in churches
  • Concluded services with heil hitler
  • Removed ‘jewish’ language from the old testament from its services
  • Excluded jews, asocials and other race enemies from receiving help from its Welfare organisation
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41
Q

What were the Nazis policies towards the Roma and the Sinti ?

A
  • 1935- Nuremberg laws applied to gypsies
  • 1935- Reich Office for the Fight against the Gypsy nuisance
  • Dr Robert Ritter, began to locate and classify gypsies with the SS
  • Identified those who were part gypsy or had integrated into German Society
  • 1938- Himmler issued a Decree for the Struggle against the Gypsy plague
  • 1939- when war broke out Gypsies deported to Poland
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42
Q

What was the Boycott of Jewish shops and businesses 1933 ?

A
  • Boycott of Jewish shops and businesses
  • Goebbles organised an intensive propaganda campaign
  • SA men stood menancily outside to intimidate would be customers
  • Shops were the main target, also applied to Jewish professionals such as doctors/lawyers
  • Court proceedings involving Jewish lawyers and judges stopped in Berlin
  • Jewish lawyers attacked in the streets
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43
Q

Was the Jewish shops and businesses boycott 1933 a success ?

A
  • No
  • Unclear what a jewish business was
  • Some were half Jewish, half German, controlled by foreign creditors or were German banks
  • Some German citizens used Jewish shops to show disapproval to the Nazi regime
  • Boycott only lasted one day, SA hoped it would last indefinitely
44
Q

What were the Civil Service Laws 1933 ?

A

-People considered non-aryan if either of their parents or grandparents were Jewish

45
Q

Why was it hard to define what a Jew was ?

A
  • There was no scientific definition of who was racially a Jew
  • According to physical or blood group
46
Q

What exemptions were there for the Civil Service Laws 1933 ?

A
  • Hindenburg insisted exemptions for German Jews who served in WW1
  • And for who’s fathers had been killed in the war
  • Kept in place until after Hindenburg’s death in 1934
47
Q

How did the exemptions lessen the Civil Service Laws impact 1933 ?

A
  • Lessened laws impact

- Applied to up to 2/3 of Jews in the Civil Service

48
Q

What was the impact of the Civil Service Laws 1933 ?

A
  • Devastating economic and social impact on middle-class Jews
  • Increasing Jewish emigration
  • 1933- 37,000 Jews left Germany
49
Q

What was the impact of anti-Semitic legislation in 1933 on the legal profession ?

A
  • Jewish lawyers were 16% of German’s legal profession

- 1933- 60% of non-aryan lawyers were able to continue working

50
Q

What anti Semitic measures were taken towards doctors in 1933 ?

A
  • Some removed Jewish doctors
  • Anti-semetic propaganda against Jewish doctors treating Aryans was laced with lurid stories about inappropriate actions carried out by Jewish doctors
  • 1933- Ban on Jewish doctors
51
Q

What was the impact of anti-Semitic legislation in 1933 on doctors ?

A
  • Many Jewish doctors carried on working after 1933

- Were well-established, Aryan Germans still went to them, not feasible to remove them

52
Q

What was the Law Against the Overcrowding of German Schools and Universities 1933 ?

A

-Restricted the number of Jewish children who could attend state schools and universities

53
Q

What anti semitic measures were taken towards Jewish children in schools ?

A
  • Law Against the Overcrowding of German Schools and Universities 1933- Restricted the number of Jewish children who could attend state schools and universities
  • Aryan students would receive more resources and attention instead of wasting time and money on Jewish children
  • Nazi propaganda stressed danger of well-educated Jews and their threat to society
  • Could attend private education and Jewish schools, but these were underfunded
  • AIM= segregation of aryan children from Jewish children
54
Q

What anti semitic measures were taken in the press ?

A
  • 1933- Reich Press Law- strict censorship and publications closed down that were disliked by the Nazis
  • Silenced large numbers of Jewish journalists and editors
  • Many forced to leave the country
55
Q

When were the Nuremberg Laws 1935 introduced ?

A
  • 15th September 1935

- At the Nuremberg rally

56
Q

What was the Reich Citizenship Law 1935 ?

A
  • Under the Nuremberg Laws
  • Someone could be a German citizen only if they had purely German blood.
  • Jews had fewer rights than citizens
57
Q

What was the Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honour 1935 ?

A
  • Under the Nuremberg Laws
  • Outlawed marriage between Aryans and Non-Aryans
  • Illegal for German citizens to marry Jews
  • Illegal for Jews to have any sexual relations with a German citizen
  • Extended to cover almost any physical contact between Jews and Aryans
58
Q

How were people pressured into following the Nuremberg Laws 1935 ?

A
  • Aryan women pressured to leave their Jewish husbands, who lost their jobs through anti semitic legislation- told they’d be a burden
  • High risk of being denounced to the Gestapo
  • Punishments were harsh
  • Jews often re-arrested and sent to concentration camps
59
Q

What was the First Supplementary Decree on the Reich Citizenship Law 1935 ?

A
  • Defined what a ‘full Jew’ was
  • Someone who had 3 Jewish grandparents
  • Or had 2 Jewish grandparents and was married to a Jew
  • ‘Half Jews’ were defined as Mischlinge
60
Q

Why was the First Supplementary Decree on the Reich Citizenship Law 1935 difficult to interpret ?

A
  • Based on number of grandparents

- In many cases Jews or their grandparents converted to Christianity

61
Q

What impact did the Nuremberg Laws 1935 have ?

A
  • Possessing documents of proof of a person’s ancestors became a priority for many people
  • Many non-practicing jews attempted to prove their aryan ancestry
  • Some acquired false documents on the black market
  • Local authorities wouldn’t employ Jews
62
Q

What discrimination against Jews were there in the community ?

A
  • Pubs and businesses put up signs saying Jews weren’t welcome
  • Pro-Nazis pushed for anti-jewish measures in all areas of public life
63
Q

How successful was anti semitism in the years 1933-1937 ?

A
  • Some evidence suggests that signs were displayed to keep Nazi officials happy rather than stopping Jews enter
  • Many reluctant to break off from family doctors they relied on for many years
  • Appalled to see Jewish books purged from local library
  • Open opposition was rare, retreated into internal exile
  • Removal of Mendelson statue blocked
64
Q

What was Anschluss 1938 ?

A
  • Union with Austria
  • Banned under TOV
  • German troops welcomed by Austrian people
65
Q

What was Hitler’s next aim after Anschluss 1938 ?

A
  • Czechoslovakia

- Sudentenlad, which included a large number of German minorities living there

66
Q

How did the Nazi’s occupy Czechoslovakia 1938?

A
  • Demanded to France and Britain that the Sudentenland should be handed to Germany
  • Britian and France agreed to the German takeover
  • Allies lacked the resolve to act against Hitler
  • Occupied the rest of Czechoslovakia
67
Q

What was the impact of Anschluss with Austria ?

A
  • Led to rapid acceleration of economic campaign against Jews
  • Nazis in Austria were allowed to act against Jews without constraint
68
Q

What was the Nazi’s treatment of Jews in Austria ?

A
  • Loss their rights, property and employment, physically assaulted
  • 500 Jews committed suicide in Austria
  • Sent to Dacheu and Buchenwald concentration camps
69
Q

What was the Decree of Registration of Jewish Property 1938 ?

A
  • Confiscation of all Jewish-owned property worth more than 5000 marks
  • Starting point of Aryanisation of Jewish property and businesses
  • 8000 avoided being closed down or Aryanised
70
Q

What further anti-semitism took place April-Nov 1938 ?

A
  • Jews banned from working as travelling salesman, security guards, travel agents and estate agents
  • 1938- Jewish lost their entitlement to public welfare
  • 1938-Passports of German Jews, stamped with a large J
  • 1939- Jews that were deemed to have non-Jewish names had to change them
  • Jewish Woman= Sarah Jewish Man= Israel
71
Q

How many Jewish travelling salesmen lost their Jobs in 1938 ?

A

30,000 Jewish travelling salesmen lost their jobs

72
Q

What charities were set up by the Jewish community ?

A
  • Central Institution for Jewish Economic Aid

- Helped increasing number of poor and unemployed Jews

73
Q

What happened during Kristallnact 1938 ?

A
  • Jewish homes and buildings were looted and vandalised
  • Synagogues set ablaze
  • Thousands of Jews- arrested, beaten up and killed
74
Q

Who led Kristallnact 1938 ?

A
  • Orchestrated by Nazi leadership
  • Majority of those involved were SA and SS men
  • Equipped with crowbars, hammers, axes
  • Instructed not to wear their uniforms
  • Chief instigator- Joseph Gobbles
75
Q

What did the Nazi’s use as an excuse for Kristallnact 1938 ?

A
  • Seized opportunity of the murder of Ernst Vom Rath-9th Nov- a German official
  • Killed by a young polish Jew angry at the treatment of his parents by the Nazis
  • The murder was an excuse of unleashing anti-jewish terror than a real cause
76
Q

What was the role of Joseph Gobbles in Kristallnact 1938?

A
  • Chief instigator
  • Gave instructions to Nazi officials in regions to organise the violence and vandalism
  • Careful to make it look like the Nazis did it
  • 15th anniversary of the 1923 Munich Putsch- hoped to mark the occasion with a spectacular event
77
Q

What were the impacts of KRISTALLNACT 1938 ?

A
  • 91 Jews killed, thousands injured

- Damage to shops and businesses amounted to millions of marks

78
Q

What was the role of the police and fire brigades in Kristallnact 1938 ?

A
  • SS told the police not to intervene
  • Police ordered to place 20,000-30,000 Jews in ‘preventive’ detention
  • Fire brigades watched and did nothing as synagogues burned to the ground, only concern was to stop fires spreading to other buildings
79
Q

What were the reactions of ordinary citizens to Kristallnact 1938 ?

A
  • Some ordinary citizens joined in the violence, looting alongside SA thugs
  • Many German people were horrified by the destruction
  • All over Germany, many people understood the violence was organised by the state
80
Q

What happened to Jews as an aftermath of Kristallnact 1938 ?

A
  • Goering moved quickly to prevent insurance companies from paying out compensation to Jewish victims
  • Decree for the Restoration of the Street Scene- Jews had to pick up the costs of repairs
  • Jewish community made to pay 1 billion Reichmark contribution to compensate for disruption to the economy
  • The Decree Excluding Jews from German Economic Life- 12th Nov
  • Aryanisation of Jewish businesses was accelerated
81
Q

What was voluntary emigration ?

A
  • 150,000 Jews voluntarily left Germany (march 1933-nov 1938) (inc Albert Einstein)
  • Seen as the solution to the jewish problem
  • Situation became more urgent after Kristallnnact
  • Most went to Palestine, which was under British rule
  • 9000 Jewish children sent to Britain in 1938-39
82
Q

What were the problems with voluntary emigration ?

A
  • Nazis both encouraged Jews to emigrate and threatened to confiscate their assets (made it difficult to leave)
  • Most German Jews wanted to stay (fought in WW1- believed they were German)
  • Many countries began to raise their borders to limit Jewish emigration
83
Q

What was controlled emigration ?

A
  • Controlled by Heydrich, although Goering claimed to be in charge of Jewish affairs
  • Central Office for Jewish Emigration set up
  • 45,000 Austrian Jews forced to emigrate
  • Financed by seizing Jewish property to finance emigration of poorer Jews
  • Reich Association of the Jews in Germany made up of all Jewish organisations- organisational difficulties had to be dealt with by the Jews
84
Q

What did the war against Poland provide the regime with?

A
  • New territories to which Jews could be settled
  • More Jews under Nazi’s rule
  • More towards resettlement and deportation of Jews
85
Q

How was Poland divided ?

A
  • Eastern Poland- under the USSR
  • Western Poland (upper Silesia, west Prussia and Warthegau)- incorporated into the German Reich
  • Area between was the General Government, under Nazi Governor Hans Frank
86
Q

What was the Nazi’s Master Plan for Poland ?

A
  • Lebensraum for ethnic Germans
  • Drive Poles and Jews out of West Prussia and Warthegau
  • So empty lands could be Germanised
87
Q

How many Jews were in Poland during this period ?

A
  • 1931- 3 Millon Jews in Poland
  • 61% were in the territory occupied by Germany at the end of 1939
  • Conquest of Poland increased number of Jews under Nazi control
88
Q

How were Polish Jews different from German Jews ?

A
  • Poor
  • More orthodox
  • Fitted the Nazi stereotype of racially inferior
89
Q

How was the General Government area of Poland used ?

A
  • Dumping ground for Poles and Jews
  • Moved to an area near the River Bug
  • ‘Reich Ghetto’ established between Warsaw and Lublin to contain them
  • Nazi’s intended the conditions to be bad here so that most people deported there would died
90
Q

Why were there so many Jews in the General Government area of Poland ?

A
  • Hitler demands deportation of 300,00 Jews from Germany and removal of Jews from Vienna
  • SS attempted to deport 1 million people eastwards
  • Authorities couldn’t deal with the mass deportations of Jews
  • Hans Frank complained that the General Government couldn’t take any more Jews
91
Q

What was the Madagascar Plan 1940 ?

A
  • Island of Madagascar to be taken from France to become a German mandate
  • Vichy France would be responsible for resettling the French population there
  • Nazis planned to send 4 million Jews to Madagascar
  • First farmers, construction workers (ppl with skills) to prepare the Island
  • Sale of Jewish property in Europe would finance it
  • Living conditions were to be harsh
  • Was far away, more space, no serious political problems
92
Q

What were the problems with the Madagascar Plan 1940 ?

A
  • Only a short time where the plan seemed viable
  • War with Britain, meant they could disrupt the transportation of Jews to Madagascar
  • By 1940, Hitler was already planning for Operation Barborossa- send Jews to Siberia/invade USSR
  • Madagascar Plan shelved
93
Q

Does the Madagascar Plan 1940 show that the Nazi’s had a consistent plan to deal with Jews ?

A
  • Decision to exterminate Jews hadn’t been made at this point. Only deporting them
  • However, knew they’d die due to harsh conditions
  • Long term goal of sending Jews to die somewhere far was fixed
94
Q

What was the Nazi Soviet Pact 1939 ?

A
  • USSR wouldn’t intervene when Germany invaded Poland

- Temporary because the Nazi’s hated communists

95
Q

What was Operation Barborosa ?

A
  • Invasion of the USSR

- Germany occupied vast territories in Eastern Poland, Western Russia, the Baltic States and Ukraine

96
Q

What was the difference between the war in the east and war in the west ?

A
  • East was to be a war of racial annihilation

- West was a war of civilised struggle

97
Q

How many Jews were brought under Nazi rule when USSR was invaded ?

A

-Invasion of Western Russia brought 3 million soviet Jews under German rule

98
Q

What was the purpose of war for Nazi’s ?

A
  • Exterminate Germany’s racial enemies
  • No order to kill Soviet Jews
  • Killing part of overall mission
  • 1941- Goering issued order to kill communist commissioners and Jewish sympathisers
99
Q

How were Jews further segregated in 1940-41 ?

A
  • Radio sets confiscated from Jews
  • Banned from buying radios and chocolate
  • Excluded from wartime rationing allowances for clothes and shoes
  • Only enter shops at restricted times- Berlin (4-5pm)
  • Jews have a police permit to travel
  • Jews have to wear yellow star of David
100
Q

Why were Ghettos created in 1940 ?

A
  • Needed clear plan to deal with the huge Jewish population that were displaced
  • Never intended to be a long term solution to the ‘jewish problem’
  • Ensured Jews died in large numbers due to the cold or starvation
  • Created Ghettos in 1940
101
Q

Where was the first Ghetto set up ?

A
  • Lodz
  • 320,000 Jews lived in this city
  • Most Jews placed in closed Ghetto, set up by barricades and a surrounding wall
  • Remaining Jews formed labour gangs and kept under guard
  • Jewish Council of Elders given responsibility for food, health, security etc..
102
Q

What conditions did Jews in Ghettos face ?

A
  • Jews sent to ghettos had their homes confiscated
  • Nazi’s restricted the amount of food and medical supplies
  • Overcrowded -6 people shared a room. 15 people shared an apartment
  • Few homes had running water
  • Terrible diseases such as lice and tuberculosis
103
Q

What resistance was there in Ghettos ?

A
  • Black market for food smuggled in from outside
  • Jewish leader organised prayers and religious festivals
  • Ghettos had illegal schools and illegal printing presses
104
Q

What was the Warsaw Ghetto 1940 ?

A
  • Largest Ghetto established in Poland
  • More than 400,000 Jews concentrated there
  • Jews received 300 calories a day
  • More than 100,000 people died
105
Q

How many Jews died in total in Ghettos ?

A

500,000 Jews died in total in the Ghettos

Germany Flashcards (6 decks)

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