Unit 5- The Presidency & The Vice Presidency Flashcards
Define Chief of State
Term for the President as the ceremonial head of the United States, the symbol of al people and the nation.
Define Chief Executive
Term for the POTUS as vested with the executive power of the United States.
Define Domestic Affairs
All matters not directly connected to the realm of foreign affairs.
Define Foreign Affairs
A nation’s relationship with other countries.
Define Chief Administrator
Term for the POTUS as head of the administration of the Federal Government.
Define Chief Diplomat
Term for the POTUS as the main architect of foreign policy and spokesperson to other countries.
Define Chief Legislator
Term for the POTUS as architect of public policy and the one who sets the agenda for Congress
Define Commander in Chief
Term for the POTUS as commander of the nation’s armed forces.
Define Chief Economist
Term for the POTUS as monitor of the nation’s economic condition.
Define Chief of Party
Term for the POTUS as the leader of his or her political party.
Define Chief Citizen
Term for the POTUS as the representative of the people, working for the public interest.
What are the qualifications to become POTUS?
Citizenship-Age-Residency CAR
How old at least must a person be to become POTUS?
35 years of age
How long must a person be a Resident of the US in order to be POTUS?
14 years
No president can serve for than _____ in the office.
10
Define Presidential Succession
Scheme by which a presidential vacancy is filled.
Define Impeachment
To bring formal charges against a public official.
Define the Presidential Succession Act of 1947
Law specifying the order of presidential succession following the Vice President.
Define President Pro Tempore
the member of the US Senate, or of the upper house of a State’s legislature, chosen to preside in the absence of the president of the State.
Define Balance the Ticket
When a presidential candidate chooses a running mate who can strengthen his chance of being elected by virtue of certain ideological , geographical, racial, gender, or other characteristics. IGRG
Define First Lady
The President’s Wife
Define Whig Theory
Presidents taking a restrained approach to leadership. WR
Define The Stewardship Theory
Presidents should not merely carry out the will of Congress but instead should build public support for particular policy agendas.
What are the reasons for expansion of Presidential powers?
Presidents themselves-Expansion of the executive branch- Increasingly complex economy and society-Need for immediate action in crisis- Congress PEECC
Define Congressional Oversight
It occurs as Congress keeps a close watch over the executive branch to ensure that it acts in compliance with previously passed laws and appropriations. CE
What are the 2 constitutional provisions on the President’s executions?
Oath of Office- Take care Power OP
Define Executive Orders
Directive, rule, or regulation issued by a chief executive or subordinates, based upon constitutional or statutory authority and having the force of law.
Define Ordinance Power
Power of the President to issue executive orders; originates from the Constitution and acts of Congress.
Define Executive Privilege
the President’s power to refuse to disclose information.
Which positions in the Federal Government does the President name?
Ambassadors-Cabinet Members- Agency Heads- Federal Judges- Armed forces officers ACAJA
Define Senatorial Courtesy
Senate will approve only those federal appointees acceptable to the senator or senators of the President’s party from the State involved.
As a general rule, the President may remove those whom the President _____.
Appoints.
Define Reprieve
An official postponement of the execution of a sentence.
Define Pardon
Release from the punishment or legal consequence of a crime, by the President (in a federal case) or a governor (in a State case) PFGS
Define Clemency
Mercy or leniency granted to an offender by a chief executive.
Define Commutation
The power to reduce the length of a sentence or fine for a crime.
Define Amnesty
a blanket pardon offered to a group of law violators.
What 3 major messages does the President send each year?
State of the Union- Budget Message- Annual Economic Report SBE
Define Veto
Chief executive’s power to reject a bill passed by a legislature.
Define Pocket Veto
A type of veto a chief executive may use after a legislature has adjourned when the chief executive does not sign or reject a bill within the time allowed to do so.
Define Line-item veto
The power many governors have to reject one or more items in a bill without rejecting the entire measure; used most often on spending measures; the U.S Congress gave this power to the President in 1996, but that law was struck down by the Supreme Court in 1998.
Define Treaty
A formal agreement between two or more sovereign states.
Define Executive Agreement
A pact made by the President directly with the head of a foreign state; a binding international agreement with the force of law but which does not require senate consent.
Define Recognition
The exclusive power of a President to legally recognize foreign states.
Define Persona Non Grata
An unwelcome person; used to describe recalled diplomatic officials.
Under which conditions can the President order troops to go to combat?
Congress declaring war- Congress authorizing that action- Attack on the nation or its armed forces DAA
How are Federal Judges selected and how long do they serve?
Appointed-Life
What is the dual court system of the US consisted of?
Federal Courts (100+)- State Courts (1000+)
What are the types of federal courts?
Constitutional- Special FCS
Define Inferior Courts
the lower federal courts, under the Supreme Court.
What are the types of Constitutional Courts?
Appeals-District-International Trade CADT
What is the purpose of Constitutional Courts?
Exercise the judicial power of the US
What is the purpose of Special Courts?
Hear cases arising out of some of the expressed powers given to Congress.
Define Jurisdiction
The authority of a court to hear a case.
Under what conditions may federal courts hear cases?
Subject matter- Parties Involved SP
What are the types of Jurisdiction?
Exclusive-Concurrent-Original/Appellate ECOA
Define Exclusive Jurisdiction
Can be only tried in Federal Courts.
Define Concurrent Jurisdiction
Power shared by federal and State courts to hear certain cases.
Define Plaintiff
Person who files the suit.
Define Defendant
Person against whom the complaint is made.
Example of Concurrent Jurisdiction
Disputes involving citizens of different States/Cases tied to either federal or State Court
Define Original Jurisdiction
The power of a court to hear a case first, before any other court.
Define Appellate Jurisdiction
The authority of a court to review decisions of inferior courts.
Explain the process of getting a job as a judge.
Nomination by President-Examining by Senate Committee- Senatorial Debate NED
Define Judicial Restraint
A judicial philosophy in which supporters believe that judges should decide cases based on the original intent of the Framers or those who enacted the Statute involved in a case.
Define Precedent
Court decisions that stands as an example to be followed in the future, similar cases.
Define Judicial Activism
A judicial philosophy in which supporters believe that judges should interpret and apply provisions in the Constitution and in statute law in light of ongoing changes in conditions and values.
Who is the Supreme Court consisted of?
Chief Justice-8 Assistant Judges
Define Judicial Review
The power of a court to determine the constitutionality of a governmental action.
What type of Jurisdiction does the Supreme Court have?
Original/Appellate
Define Writ of Certiorari
An order by the court directing a lower court to send up the record in a given case for review.
Define Certificate
The result of a process in which a lower court asks the Court to certify the answer to a specific question, such as a procedure or rule of law.
Define Briefs
Written statement that spells out the party’s legal position and cites relevant facts and legal precedents.
Define Majority Opinion
The opinion on which the decision of the Court is based, which identifies the issue in the case and the reasons for the decision.
Define Concurring Opinion
An opinion that agrees with the decision that the Court has made but for different reasons.
Define Dissenting Opinion
An opinion written by a justice who does not agree with the Court’s decisions, explaining why not.
Define Criminal Case
A case in which a defendant is tried for committing a crime as defined by the law.
Define Civil Case
A case involving a noncriminal matter such as a contract dispute or a claim of patent infringement.
Define Docket
A court’s list of cases needed to be heard.
Define Record
A transcript of proceeding made in trial court.
Define Courts-Martial
Courts composed of military personnel, for the trial of those accused of violating military law.
Define Civilian Tribunal
A court operating as a part of the judicial branch, entirely separate from the military establishment.
Define Redress
Satisfaction of a claim payment.
