Unit 5: The Kidney and Osmoregulation Flashcards
What is the largest organ in the body?
The liver.
What does the liver do?
It removes toxins from the blood, recycles red blood cells, and creates blood proteins.
What 2 sources give the liver blood?
Hepatic Artery (branches off aorta) and Hepatic Portal Vein (carries blood from intestines)
Is the blood in the heptic artery oxygenated or deoxygenated? How do you know?
Oxygenated. It is branched off the aorta which is where oxygenated blood comes out of and gets carried away from the heart.
Is the blood in the heptic portal vein oxygenated or deoxygenated? How do you know?
Deoxygenated. Blood in vein already passed through the capillaries in the intestines so that the blood is low on oxygen but high in nutrients so that the liver can process it.
What does the hepatic artery and portal vein provide?
The artery provides oxygen and the vein provides the lvier nutrients
What is a hepatocytes?
It is a liver cell (hepa-liver; cyte- cell)
Which vessel exchanges materials directly with the hepatocytes?
The sinusoids.
How many layers of cells do sinusoids have?
One cell layer thick- good for nutrient exchange
How are fenestrations (large gaps) in the sinusoid helpful?
It helps facilitate nutrient exchange-no membranes to cross for larger membranes
How do sinusoids and the hepatic vein work together?
The sinusoid drains deoxygenated blood into the hepatic vein
What is inside of a sinusoid? (Hint–its a type of cell)
White blood cells called Kupffer cells.
What type of transport does phagocytosis look like?
Endocytosis
What do lysosomes do in cells?
Breaks down waste products or unwanted materials
How is heme (broken down from hemoglobin) used?
The iron portion of the heme is recycled back to the bone marrow (makes new blood cells (heme isn’t apart of this))
What is Jaundice?
A condition produced when excess amounts of bilirubin is made in the body. Some effects are yellowish skin and eyes. Also itchiness, and pale stool/darkened urine.
What is bilirubin?
It is a non-iron portion that is yellow/orange pigmented. It combines with bile salts to make bile which is then eliminated from the body in our solid waste.
Where is bile stored and what does it do?
Bile is stored in the gallbladder and it helps digest fats/lipids.
Which organelles appear in the hepatocytes?
Ribosomes, golgi bodies, and vesicles
What is albumin?
It is an important protein in our blood responsible for regulating the amount of water in the blood
What is fibrinogen?
It is an important protein for blood clotting
Which organelles in hepatocyte cells assist in the production of the above proteins found in the blood?
The Rough ER/ribosomes to make proteins, Golgi bodies to package proteins, and vesicles to transport
