Unit 5 test Flashcards
linear settlement pattern
buildings are built in lines along a road, railroad, or river
metes and bounds system
natural features were used to demarcate irregular parcels of land
township and range system
grid pattern
Diffusion
The process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time
Industrial Revolution
A period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s
Columbian Exchange
The global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas.
crop rotation-
Planting different crops at different times to avoid nutrient depletion
intensive agriculture-
Small-area farms and ranches with high inputs of labor per acre and high output per acre
extensive agriculture
requires limited labor inputs, or is spread across large areas of land, or both
market gardening
the relatively small-scale production of fruits, vegetables and flowers as cash crops, frequently sold directly to consumers and restaurants
shifting cultivation
clearing forests to plant fields for a few years and then abandoning them
nomadic herding-
the raising of livestock for food by moving herds from place to place to find pasture and water
subsistence farming
farming in which only enough food to feed one’s family is produced
Monocropping-
growing a large amount of a single species of plant
Bid rent theory
different land users are prepared to pay different amounts, the bid rents, for locations at various distances from the city center.
Infrastructure
Fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or area, as transportation and communication systems, power plants, and schools
commodity chain-
the network of production and labor processes by which a product becomes a finished commodity
slash and burn
A farming method involving the cutting of trees, then burning them to provide ash-enriched soil for the planting of crops
Terrace
an area of ground on the side of a hill that has a flattened top in order to grow things
organic farming-
using natural substances instead of fertilizers and chemicals to increase crop yields
fair trade
trade in which fair prices are paid to producers in developing countries.
Aquaculture
the cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions
Sustainability
using resources in ways that do not harm ecological systems that support human existence
food insecurity
a condition in which people do not have adequate access to food
