Unit 5 Term List Flashcards
Medical Model
Proposes that it is useful to think of abnormal behavior as a disease.
DSM-5 (Diagnostic & Statistical Manual-Fifth Edition)
The reference guide used by clinicians to classify psychological disorders.
The Rosenhan Study
Classic 1973 two-part study completed by psychologist David Rosenhan. In part one, pseudopatients were admitted to twelve mental hospitals in five different states. In part two, psychiatric hospital staff were asked to detect non-existent “fake” patients. The staff falsely identified large numbers of hospital patients as imposters.
Etiology
Identification of all the factors that possibly contribute to an illness.
Mood Disorders
Disorders in which mood is severely disturbed.
Bipolar Disorder
A psychological disorder marked by the experience of both depressed and manic periods.
Delusions
False beliefs that are not based on reality.
Hallucinations
False sensory perceptions.
Anxiety Disorders
A group of psychological disorders associated with extreme anxiety and/or debilitating, irrational fears.
Specific Phobia
A psychological disorder characterized by a distinct fear or anxiety related to an object or situation.
Panic Attack
Sudden, extreme fear or discomfort that escalates quickly, often with no obvious trigger, and includes symptoms such as increased heart rate, sweating, shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea, lightheadedness, and fear of dying.
Panic Disorder
A psychological disorder that includes recurrent, unexpected panic attacks and fear that can cause significant changes in behavior.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
A psychological disorder characterized by an excessive amount of worry and anxiety about activities relating to family, health, school, and other aspects of daily life.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
A psychological disorder characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions that are time-consuming and cause a great deal of distress.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
A psychological disorder characterized by exposure to or being threatened by an event involving death, serious injury, or violence; can include disturbing memories, nightmares, flashbacks, and other distressing symptoms.
Major Depressive Disorder
A psychological disorder that includes at least one major depressive episode, with symptoms such as depressed mood, problems with sleep, and loss of energy.
Manic Episode
A state of continuous elation that is out of proportion to the setting, and can include irritability, very high and sustained levels of energy, and an “expansive” mood.
Schizophrenia
A disabling psychological disorder that can include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and abnormal motor behavior.
Positive Symptoms
Excesses or distortions of normal behavior; examples are delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech.
Negative Symptoms
Behaviors or characteristics that are limited or absent; examples are social withdrawal, diminished speech, limited or no emotions, and loss of energy and follow-up.
Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder identified by significant weight loss, an intense fear of being overweight, a false sense of body image, and a refusal to eat the proper amount of calories to achieve a healthy weight.
Bulimia Nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by extreme overeating followed by purging, with serious health risks.
