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unit 5 stars Flashcards

(110 cards)

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1
Q

Which visible color has the longest wavelength

A

red

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2
Q

aboard a satellite

A

Some objects in space emit x-rays, but ground-based X-ray astronomy is impossible because the Earth’s atmosphere absorbs x-rays that enter from space so they don’t make it to the ground. Therefore, a telescope for observing celestial x-rays should be located

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3
Q

The wave property most closely associated with the visual impression of brightness is

A

amplitude

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4
Q

which of the following characteristics are the same for all light waves traveling in a vacuum

A

speed

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5
Q

equation to calculate wavelength

A

λ = v/f

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6
Q

Radio waves travel through space at what speed

A

speed of light

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7
Q

two beams of light that differ in color must have

A

different wavelengths

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8
Q

Which of the following has the smallest frequency

A

infrared

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9
Q

which region of the electromagnetic spectrum is associated with heat radiated from our bodies

A

infrared

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10
Q

which of the following waves is the same kind of wave as a visible light wave

A

xray

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11
Q

the biologically most damaging electromagnetic rays have

A

the shorted wavelength

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12
Q

the combination of all colors of visible light is

A

white

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13
Q

which of the following has the longest wavelength? Red, Blue, Infrared, Ultraviolet

A

infrared light

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14
Q

what wave produces a sun tan or skin cancer

A

ultraviolet

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15
Q

when light is spread into its component colors the resulting band of light is called

A

a spectrum

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16
Q

a spectroscope is a tool that astronomers use to break light down into a spectrum. Inside this tool there is a thin piece of film with invisibly fine lines etched into it. This piece of film is called a

A

diffraction grating

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17
Q

The spacing of the bright spots on the wall is proportional to the wavelength of light used. Therefore the color _______ would spread out the most and the color _______ would spread out the least

A

red,violet

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18
Q

a cold gas can make

A

an absorption spectrum if light from another source passes through the gas or reflects off the gas

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19
Q

An excited electron that is NOT free to move about (part of a hot gas, for example) can make

A

only specific colors, depending on the electron energy levels that are available in that atom

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20
Q

all freely moving electron can make

A

all colors of light

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21
Q

every element has a unique spectral line pattern. The uniqueness of each element’s pattern is caused by

A

the arrangement of electron energy levels in that particular element

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22
Q

which of the following characteristics of a star will cause absorption lines to be shifted

A

motion of the star towards or away from us

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23
Q

If I shine light from a filament (incandescent) light bulb through a cold gas and then analyze the resulting lights, I will see

A

a continuous spectrum with some absorption lines

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24
Q

stars typically make which kind of spectrum

A

dark like (absorption)

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25
if you observe a neon advertising sign through a spectroscope, you would expect to see a
bright-line (emission) spectrum
26
the visible spectrum received from the sun is of which type
absorption
27
the doppler shift in stellar spectra is caused by
movement toward and away from the observer
28
spectral analysis cannot determine which of these about a star directly? surface temperature, distance, kind of atoms in the star's atmosphere, speed towards or away from earth
surface temperature
29
what is the primary difference between the observed spectra of most stars
the differing strengths and patterns of the absorption lines
30
what are the two most abundant elements in the sun
hydrogen and helium
31
we can determine what elements are in the photosphere layer of a star by examining
patterns in its absorption spectrum
32
a star moving away from the earth will have a spectrum containing
red shifting lines
33
what are the four things we can learn about a star by analyzing its spectrum?
chemical composition, spectral class, temperature, shifting towards/away
34
list the 7 spectral classes from hottest to coldest
OBAFGKM
35
star x appears bluish white in color, while star y appears reddish in color. This tell you that
may be in the UV or the IR range although the star will still be visible.
36
the frequency at which a star emits the most light depends upon the star's
temperature
37
Roughly what temperature does an object have to have to give off most of its energy in the form of visible light?
a few thousand Kelvins
38
as the temperature of an object increases, its brightest wavelength
decreases
39
as the temperature of an object increases, its brightest frequency
increases
40
a star's surface temperature can be calculated if you measure the wavelength of the radiation in the star's spectrum that is
brightest
41
a star whose brightest color is in the ultraviolet is
hotter than the sun
42
if the sun were twice as far as it is now, we would receive
the same amount of energy
43
the average temperature of that part of the sun which we see is
6000 k
44
light is radiated from the
photosphere
45
the difference between a star's actual brightness and apparent brightness depends on its
distance
46
which of the following stars is hottest: a red giant, a white dwarf, the sun, a star detectable only in the infrared
white dwarf
47
on the main sequence, hot stars are generally _______ than cool ones
less massive and shorter lived
48
main sequence stars are the most common type of star because
stars become trapped there
49
which of the following stars is faintest: the sun, hot main sequence star, white dwarf, red giant?
white dwarf
50
we know that red giant stars are large because
they are very bright even though cool stars emit less energy from each square foot of surface
51
compared to other stars, the sun is
average
52
which star has the smallest actual brightness
white dwarf
53
Red giant stars are in what part of the H-R Diagram?
high luminosity low temp
54
bright stars with low temperatures have
large diameters
55
which star has the coolest surface temperature
white dwarf
56
the vertical axis of an HR diagram of the brightest stars would have to be
the actual visual brightness of the star
57
if the temperature of a star increased without a change in the stars size, its point on the HR diagram would move
up and to the left
58
the apparent brightness of any star is, by itself, a good indicator of
its distance
59
which set of information listed here would be sufficient to determine where a star belongs on the HR diagram?
peak color apparent brightness
60
when plotting an HR diagram of stars in a cluster, apparent brightness can be used because
the distance of all stars is the same
61
two stars of the same spectral class are plotted on an HR diagram. Star a is more luminous than star b. this tell you that
star a is larger than star b
62
the basic properties of stars which are used in an HR diagram are
color and brightness
63
the HR diagram is a plot of
luminosity verses temperature
64
on the HR diagram, a vertical change upward corresponds to a
brightening
65
at the lower right corner of an HR diagram you find
small red stars
66
a star directly below the sun on the HR diagram would be _______ than the sun
smaller
67
which processes involves the conversion of mass into energy?
nuclear fission and nuclear fusion
68
which processes is involved in the design of bombs
nuclear fission
69
which processes is responsible for the energy that is created in the core for a star
nuclear fusion
70
which processes is harnessed for use in nuclear power plants
nuclear fission
71
which process is harnessed for use us in the treatment of cancerous tumors
radioactivity
72
stars on the main sequence
generate energy by hydrogen fusion in their centers
73
the physical property which determines where a star will be on the main sequence is
mass
74
stars on the main sequence convert
hydrogen to helium in their centers
75
stars on the main sequence that have a small mass are
dim and cool
76
considering only stars on the main sequence, the most massive stars are the
hottest and brightest
77
the contraction of an interstellar cloud to become a star is caused by
gravitational forces
78
in which regions of the universe are stars though to be born?
in large clouds of dust and gas
79
nuclear fusion will start when a protostar's
core temperatures and densities are high enough to force hydrogen nuclei to fuse together
80
when a new star like our sun is forming, what is the event that halts the initial gravitational contraction
the onset of fusion
81
a star ten times the mass of the sun will have a main sequence lifetime, compared to the sun's that is
shorter
82
as the sun ages, the chemical composition of its core changes so that it contains a lower percentage of _______ and a greater percentage of _____
hydrogen helium
83
as a one solar mass star evolves to the red giant stage, its luminosity and surface temperature
increases and decreases
84
main sequence evolution involves
hydrogen core burning
85
after a stars core runs out of fuel, how does the core get to a high enough temperature to ignite the next stage of fusion reactions
by gravitational contraction
86
which of the following stars is probably youngest: hot main sequence star, cool main sequence star, red giant star, photo stars
hot main sequence
87
which of the following are old stars with no current nuclear reactions: red giants, main sequence stars, white dwarfs, protostars
white dwarfs
88
main sequence O stars are more luminous than the sun because they
have higher surface temperatures
89
A star evolves off the main sequence when
hydrogen is exhausted in the center of the star
90
for a star with the sun's mass, you expect that after all the hydrogen in the core is used up, the star will next become
red giant
91
why do stars age
all stars have a finite amount of fuel and it eventually runs out
92
a planetary nebula is
the vastly expanded shell of a dying star
93
when the sun "dies" it will become
white dwarf
94
Whether a star becomes a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole depends on its
mass
95
if the sun could magically and suddenly become a black hole (of the same mass), the earth would
continue in its same orbit
96
when a star dies, it becomes a supernova
only if it is a few times more massive than the sun
97
Type I supernovae are produced
as a result of fusionable material being accreted by a white dwarf star from its binary companion
98
pulsar
a star which emits extremely regular pulses of radio waves
99
how are elements with nuclei heavier than iron produced
they are produced during supernova explosions
100
what phenomenon provides observational evidence for the existence of neutron stars?
pulsars
101
heavy elements get mixed into the material from which new generations of stars may be formed primarily. Such heavy elements come from
supernova
102
a degenerate neutron core can be left by
type II supernova explosions
103
although neutron stars are very hot, they are not easy to locate because
they have small surface areas
104
a type II supernova is produced when
the collapse of a star's iron nucleus causes a shock wave that "blows off" the envelope of the star.
105
A neutron star is the leftover
remnant of a supernova explosion
106
the sun will never be
a neutron star
107
which of the following will eventually die in a supernova: a blue main sequence star, a star on the lower or bottom end of the main sequence, a white dwarf, or a one solar mass red giant
a blue main sequence star
108
which of the following does not occur as a result of a supernova explosion: creation of elements heavier than iron, creation of a planetary nebula, formation of a neutron star, bright flash of light
creation of planetary nebula
109
theory predicts that a neutron star should spin fast because
it conserved angular momentum as it collapsed
110
suns layers inner to outer
core, radiation zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, corona

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