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unit 5 stars > unit 5 stars > Flashcards

unit 5 stars Flashcards

1
Q

Which visible color has the longest wavelength

A

red

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2
Q

aboard a satellite

A

Some objects in space emit x-rays, but ground-based X-ray astronomy is impossible because the Earth’s atmosphere absorbs x-rays that enter from space so they don’t make it to the ground. Therefore, a telescope for observing celestial x-rays should be located

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3
Q

The wave property most closely associated with the visual impression of brightness is

A

amplitude

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4
Q

which of the following characteristics are the same for all light waves traveling in a vacuum

A

speed

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5
Q

equation to calculate wavelength

A

λ = v/f

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6
Q

Radio waves travel through space at what speed

A

speed of light

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7
Q

two beams of light that differ in color must have

A

different wavelengths

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8
Q

Which of the following has the smallest frequency

A

infrared

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9
Q

which region of the electromagnetic spectrum is associated with heat radiated from our bodies

A

infrared

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10
Q

which of the following waves is the same kind of wave as a visible light wave

A

xray

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11
Q

the biologically most damaging electromagnetic rays have

A

the shorted wavelength

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12
Q

the combination of all colors of visible light is

A

white

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13
Q

which of the following has the longest wavelength? Red, Blue, Infrared, Ultraviolet

A

infrared light

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14
Q

what wave produces a sun tan or skin cancer

A

ultraviolet

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15
Q

when light is spread into its component colors the resulting band of light is called

A

a spectrum

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16
Q

a spectroscope is a tool that astronomers use to break light down into a spectrum. Inside this tool there is a thin piece of film with invisibly fine lines etched into it. This piece of film is called a

A

diffraction grating

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17
Q

The spacing of the bright spots on the wall is proportional to the wavelength of light used. Therefore the color _______ would spread out the most and the color _______ would spread out the least

A

red,violet

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18
Q

a cold gas can make

A

an absorption spectrum if light from another source passes through the gas or reflects off the gas

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19
Q

An excited electron that is NOT free to move about (part of a hot gas, for example) can make

A

only specific colors, depending on the electron energy levels that are available in that atom

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20
Q

all freely moving electron can make

A

all colors of light

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21
Q

every element has a unique spectral line pattern. The uniqueness of each element’s pattern is caused by

A

the arrangement of electron energy levels in that particular element

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22
Q

which of the following characteristics of a star will cause absorption lines to be shifted

A

motion of the star towards or away from us

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23
Q

If I shine light from a filament (incandescent) light bulb through a cold gas and then analyze the resulting lights, I will see

A

a continuous spectrum with some absorption lines

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24
Q

stars typically make which kind of spectrum

A

dark like (absorption)

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25
Q

if you observe a neon advertising sign through a spectroscope, you would expect to see a

A

bright-line (emission) spectrum

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26
Q

the visible spectrum received from the sun is of which type

A

absorption

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27
Q

the doppler shift in stellar spectra is caused by

A

movement toward and away from the observer

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28
Q

spectral analysis cannot determine which of these about a star directly? surface temperature, distance, kind of atoms in the star’s atmosphere, speed towards or away from earth

A

surface temperature

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29
Q

what is the primary difference between the observed spectra of most stars

A

the differing strengths and patterns of the absorption lines

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30
Q

what are the two most abundant elements in the sun

A

hydrogen and helium

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31
Q

we can determine what elements are in the photosphere layer of a star by examining

A

patterns in its absorption spectrum

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32
Q

a star moving away from the earth will have a spectrum containing

A

red shifting lines

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33
Q

what are the four things we can learn about a star by analyzing its spectrum?

A

chemical composition, spectral class, temperature, shifting towards/away

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34
Q

list the 7 spectral classes from hottest to coldest

A

OBAFGKM

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35
Q

star x appears bluish white in color, while star y appears reddish in color. This tell you that

A

may be in the UV or the IR range although the star will still be visible.

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36
Q

the frequency at which a star emits the most light depends upon the star’s

A

temperature

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37
Q

Roughly what temperature does an object have to have to give off most of its energy in the form of visible light?

A

a few thousand Kelvins

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38
Q

as the temperature of an object increases, its brightest wavelength

A

decreases

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39
Q

as the temperature of an object increases, its brightest frequency

A

increases

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40
Q

a star’s surface temperature can be calculated if you measure the wavelength of the radiation in the star’s spectrum that is

A

brightest

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41
Q

a star whose brightest color is in the ultraviolet is

A

hotter than the sun

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42
Q

if the sun were twice as far as it is now, we would receive

A

the same amount of energy

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43
Q

the average temperature of that part of the sun which we see is

A

6000 k

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44
Q

light is radiated from the

A

photosphere

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45
Q

the difference between a star’s actual brightness and apparent brightness depends on its

A

distance

46
Q

which of the following stars is hottest: a red giant, a white dwarf, the sun, a star detectable only in the infrared

A

white dwarf

47
Q

on the main sequence, hot stars are generally _______ than cool ones

A

less massive and shorter lived

48
Q

main sequence stars are the most common type of star because

A

stars become trapped there

49
Q

which of the following stars is faintest: the sun, hot main sequence star, white dwarf, red giant?

A

white dwarf

50
Q

we know that red giant stars are large because

A

they are very bright even though cool stars emit less energy from each square foot of surface

51
Q

compared to other stars, the sun is

A

average

52
Q

which star has the smallest actual brightness

A

white dwarf

53
Q

Red giant stars are in what part of the H-R Diagram?

A

high luminosity low temp

54
Q

bright stars with low temperatures have

A

large diameters

55
Q

which star has the coolest surface temperature

A

white dwarf

56
Q

the vertical axis of an HR diagram of the brightest stars would have to be

A

the actual visual brightness of the star

57
Q

if the temperature of a star increased without a change in the stars size, its point on the HR diagram would move

A

up and to the left

58
Q

the apparent brightness of any star is, by itself, a good indicator of

A

its distance

59
Q

which set of information listed here would be sufficient to determine where a star belongs on the HR diagram?

A

peak color apparent brightness

60
Q

when plotting an HR diagram of stars in a cluster, apparent brightness can be used because

A

the distance of all stars is the same

61
Q

two stars of the same spectral class are plotted on an HR diagram. Star a is more luminous than star b. this tell you that

A

star a is larger than star b

62
Q

the basic properties of stars which are used in an HR diagram are

A

color and brightness

63
Q

the HR diagram is a plot of

A

luminosity verses temperature

64
Q

on the HR diagram, a vertical change upward corresponds to a

A

brightening

65
Q

at the lower right corner of an HR diagram you find

A

small red stars

66
Q

a star directly below the sun on the HR diagram would be _______ than the sun

A

smaller

67
Q

which processes involves the conversion of mass into energy?

A

nuclear fission and nuclear fusion

68
Q

which processes is involved in the design of bombs

A

nuclear fission

69
Q

which processes is responsible for the energy that is created in the core for a star

A

nuclear fusion

70
Q

which processes is harnessed for use in nuclear power plants

A

nuclear fission

71
Q

which process is harnessed for use us in the treatment of cancerous tumors

A

radioactivity

72
Q

stars on the main sequence

A

generate energy by hydrogen fusion in their centers

73
Q

the physical property which determines where a star will be on the main sequence is

A

mass

74
Q

stars on the main sequence convert

A

hydrogen to helium in their centers

75
Q

stars on the main sequence that have a small mass are

A

dim and cool

76
Q

considering only stars on the main sequence, the most massive stars are the

A

hottest and brightest

77
Q

the contraction of an interstellar cloud to become a star is caused by

A

gravitational forces

78
Q

in which regions of the universe are stars though to be born?

A

in large clouds of dust and gas

79
Q

nuclear fusion will start when a protostar’s

A

core temperatures and densities are high enough to force hydrogen nuclei to fuse together

80
Q

when a new star like our sun is forming, what is the event that halts the initial gravitational contraction

A

the onset of fusion

81
Q

a star ten times the mass of the sun will have a main sequence lifetime, compared to the sun’s that is

A

shorter

82
Q

as the sun ages, the chemical composition of its core changes so that it contains a lower percentage of _______ and a greater percentage of _____

A

hydrogen helium

83
Q

as a one solar mass star evolves to the red giant stage, its luminosity and surface temperature

A

increases and decreases

84
Q

main sequence evolution involves

A

hydrogen core burning

85
Q

after a stars core runs out of fuel, how does the core get to a high enough temperature to ignite the next stage of fusion reactions

A

by gravitational contraction

86
Q

which of the following stars is probably youngest: hot main sequence star, cool main sequence star, red giant star, photo stars

A

hot main sequence

87
Q

which of the following are old stars with no current nuclear reactions: red giants, main sequence stars, white dwarfs, protostars

A

white dwarfs

88
Q

main sequence O stars are more luminous than the sun because they

A

have higher surface temperatures

89
Q

A star evolves off the main sequence when

A

hydrogen is exhausted in the center of the star

90
Q

for a star with the sun’s mass, you expect that after all the hydrogen in the core is used up, the star will next become

A

red giant

91
Q

why do stars age

A

all stars have a finite amount of fuel and it eventually runs out

92
Q

a planetary nebula is

A

the vastly expanded shell of a dying star

93
Q

when the sun “dies” it will become

A

white dwarf

94
Q

Whether a star becomes a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole depends on its

A

mass

95
Q

if the sun could magically and suddenly become a black hole (of the same mass), the earth would

A

continue in its same orbit

96
Q

when a star dies, it becomes a supernova

A

only if it is a few times more massive than the sun

97
Q

Type I supernovae are produced

A

as a result of fusionable material being accreted by a white dwarf star from its binary companion

98
Q

pulsar

A

a star which emits extremely regular pulses of radio waves

99
Q

how are elements with nuclei heavier than iron produced

A

they are produced during supernova explosions

100
Q

what phenomenon provides observational evidence for the existence of neutron stars?

A

pulsars

101
Q

heavy elements get mixed into the material from which new generations of stars may be formed primarily. Such heavy elements come from

A

supernova

102
Q

a degenerate neutron core can be left by

A

type II supernova explosions

103
Q

although neutron stars are very hot, they are not easy to locate because

A

they have small surface areas

104
Q

a type II supernova is produced when

A

the collapse of a star’s iron nucleus causes a shock wave that “blows off” the envelope of the star.

105
Q

A neutron star is the leftover

A

remnant of a supernova explosion

106
Q

the sun will never be

A

a neutron star

107
Q

which of the following will eventually die in a supernova: a blue main sequence star, a star on the lower or bottom end of the main sequence, a white dwarf, or a one solar mass red giant

A

a blue main sequence star

108
Q

which of the following does not occur as a result of a supernova explosion: creation of elements heavier than iron, creation of a planetary nebula, formation of a neutron star, bright flash of light

A

creation of planetary nebula

109
Q

theory predicts that a neutron star should spin fast because

A

it conserved angular momentum as it collapsed

110
Q

suns layers inner to outer

A

core, radiation zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, corona

unit 5 stars (1 decks)

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